The presence of anomalous coronary arteries is observed in approximately 1% of patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). In these patients, identification of the stenotic ostium and revascularization is difficult, particularly in the emergency setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Among the congenital coronary anomalies, separate anomalous origin of all the coronary...

Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are either congenital or acquired coronary artery abnormalities, that have different anatomical appearance; with varying degree of shunting (Qp/ Qs); and associated cardiac anomalies [1]. Etiologies include high cardiac output state and congestive heart failure with shunting of blood into a cardiac chamber, great vessel, or other structures, bypassing the myocardi...

One of the primary forms of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries is coronary artery fistula (CAF). It is defined as a direct communication between the coronary artery and any surrounding cardiac chamber or vascular structure, which bypasses the myocardial capillary bed. We present a newborn baby with a large coronary artery fistula connecting the left anterior descending (LAD) artery t...

congenital absence of left circumflex artery is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary arteries. the prevalence of the anomaly in different studies ranges from 0.6% to 1.3%. of these, 80% are benign and asymptomatic and 20% are clinically important. we report a 56-year-old man presented with acute resting chest pain who was diagnosed as having acute anterolateral infarction accompanied by el...

the coronary slow flow phenomenon (csfp) is characterized by a delayed coronary blood flow in the absence of an obstructive coronary artery disease. although the relation between the csfp and myocardial ischemia has been reported previously, there is no knowledge about the relationship between the csfp and the conduction system disorder. in this case report, we describe a patient with the csfp ...

Swyer-James (Macleod) syndrome was first defined in the 1950s by Swyer, James and Macleod in patients with unilateral hyperlucent lungs. Coronary artery anomalies are congenital anomalies that affect a small part of the population. They constitute about 1-2% of congenital heart diseases. The incidence of a left coronary artery arising from the right coronary sinus Valsalva has been reported as ...

The clinical manifestations of coronary artery anomalies vary in severity, with some anomalies causing severe symptoms and cardiovascular sequelae and others being benign. Cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) has emerged as the standard of reference for identification and characterization of coronary artery anomalies. Therefore, it is important for the reader of cardiovascular CT images to b...

The quality of the imaging of the main coronary arteries and side branches provided by multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) may have importance when assessing congenital coronary artery anomalies. This review discusses the rationale for using MDCT for this indication and examines the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Examples of MDCT imaging of congenital coronary artery an...

A 68‐year‐old male was diagnosed congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) and unstable angina. He had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Echocardiography revealed dilated pulmonary artery branch and severe valvular PS. Transvalvular peak systolic pressure gradient (PG) was 64 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 KPa). Coronary angiography demonstrated 75% narrowing of left main coronary (LM),...

Introduction: Accessory nipples (AN) are associated with renal anomaly, hematologic disorders, and cardiovascular disorders with Congenital heart disease, conduction system abnormalities, systemic hypertension and Mitral valve prolapse. There is no data and literature regarding association of AN with coronary artery disease (CAD) and not yet been investigated, hence the present study was undert...