This overview summarizes the age dating methods available for young sub-solar mass stars. Pre-main sequence age diagnostics include the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, spectroscopic surface gravity indicators, and lithium depletion; asteroseismology is also showing recent promise. Near and beyond the zero-age main sequence, rotation period or vsini and activity (coronal and chromospheric) dia...

coronal T2 coronal FLAIR SOS 12.8/13.6 12.5/11.4 2x 14.8/17.3 14.5/13.2 3x 19.8/24.8 14.8/12.5 4x 22.9/25.8 16.1/14.3 Table 1: SNR (reader1/reader2) coronal T2 coronal FLAIR SOS 2.9/3.0 2.7/2.9 2x 2.8/2.6 2.1/2.2 3x 2.3/2.4 1.4/1.9 4x 2.0/2.0 1.1/1.3 Table 3: average qualitative scoring (reader1/reader2); (scoring: 1-poorly defined, 2-seen, 3-well defined); (green-diagnostic quality; yellowsome...

     Urethralduplication is a rare condition occurs as a congenital malformation either independently or in the setting of other congenital malformations such as caudal duplication syndrome. Its prevalence becomes even rarer if it manifests as two side-by-side tracts in coronal plan.Nonetheless, we introduce a unique presentation of complete coronal urethral duplication accompanied by astoundin...

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are huge expulsions of magnetized matter from the Sun and stars, traversing space with speeds millions kilometers per hour. Solar CMEs can cause severe weather disturbances consumer power outages on Earth, whereas stellar may even pose a hazard to habitability exoplanets. While ejected by our be directly imaged white-light coronagraphs, for stars this is not possib...

We revisit the flare on 1992 January 13, which is now universally termed the “Masuda flare”. Our work is motivated by the remarkable improvement of Yohkoh hard X-ray imaging, which was only achieved after the intensive investigations on this famous event. With the calibrated Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) data, we find that the hard X-ray coronal source is indeed a loop-top source, located slightly...

BACKGROUND The most-widely used visual rating scale (VRS) for medial temporal atrophy is the T1-weighted (T1W) coronal VRS developed by Scheltens et al. However, it is often difficult to use the T1W-coronal VRS in cases with limitations in obtaining T1W-coronal images. To overcome this issue, we modified the T1W-coronal VRS onto the axial plane. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to va...

Tremendous progress has been made in the field of observational coronal magnetometry in the first decade of the Twenty-First century. With the successful construction of the Coronal Multichannel Magnetometer (CoMP) instrument, observations of the linear polarization of the coronal emission lines (CELs), which carry information about the azimuthal direction of the coronal magnetic fields, are no...

Bald patches are magnetic topologies in which the magnetic field is concave up over part of a photospheric polarity inversion line. A bald patch topology is believed to be the essential ingredient for filament channels and is often found in extrapolations of the observed photospheric field. Using an analytic source-surface model to calculate the magnetic topology of a small bipolar region embed...