With the growing numbers of the elderly population, the society is face to face with a set of new problems, namely the lack of resources to assist their living in a noble mode. Nevertheless, with the use of new computational technologies and novel methodologies for problem solving, some solutions to these problems are emerging (e.g., remote sensing/assistance/supervision). Therefore, it is our ...

Self-organization is a growing interdisciplinary field of research about a phenomenon that can be observed in the Universe, in Nature and in social contexts. Research on self-organization tries to describe and explain forms, complex patterns and behaviours that arise from a collection of entities without an external organizer. As researchers in artificial systems, our aim is not to mimic self-o...

background over the last decade there has been an increase in healthcare expenditures while at the same time the inequity in distribution of resources has grown. these two issues have urged the researchers to review the determinants of healthcare expenditures. in this study, we surveyed the determinants of health expenditures in economic cooperation organization (eco) countries.   methods we us...