This paper examines whether consumers necessarily benefit from tightening the price cap. We find that a tighter price cap always increases consumer welfare when demands are independent. Conversely, when demands are interdependent a tighter price cap may reduce consumer welfare.  2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

In this paper we show that any finite algebra A satisfying a weak left nilpotence condition has the property that all maximal subuniverses are congruence blocks. Conversely, if every subalgebra of A has the property that all maximal subuniverses are congruence blocks, then A satisfies the aforementioned nilpotence condition.

The effects of various medium components on exoprotease production by Burkholderia pseudomallei were studied in order to understand the production of virulence factors by this pathogenic organism. FeSO(inf4), NaCl, and MgSO(inf4) do not significantly affect exoprotease activity, and CaCl(inf2) has only a slight influence. Conversely, ZnCl(inf2) plays a fundamental role since it drastically incr...

We revisit the problem of deciding whether a given string is uniquely decodable from its bigram counts by means of a finite automaton. An efficient algorithm for constructing a polynomial-size nondeterministic finite automaton that decides unique decodability is given. Conversely, we show that the minimum deterministic finite automaton for deciding unique decodability has at least exponentially...

Electronic equipment allows fishes, by their spatial movements, to regulate the temperature in experimental tanks. Swimming into warmer water causes the temperature of the entire tank to increase; conversely, swimming into cooler water causes the temperature to decrease. The technique may be adapted for studying simultaneous behavioral regulation of temperature and nonthermal factors.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) affects levels of the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gs-alpha) in pheochromocytoma 12 cells in a bidirectional, density-dependent manner. Cells grown at high density responded to NGF treatment with increased levels of Gs-alpha mRNA and protein. Conversely, in cells grown in low-density cultures, levels of this mRNA were lowered by NGF treatment.

In this paper, we consider the control of general hybrid systems. Surprisingly, time-abstract bisimulation is not fine enough for solving such a problem. Conversely, we show that suffix equivalence is a correct abstraction for that problem. We apply this equivalence to ominimal hybrid systems and get decidability and computability results in this framework.

We describe 2 infants who developed atypical Kawasaki disease and coronary aneurysms during primary cytomegalovirus infection. These observations suggest that children with coronary aneurysms and Kawasaki-like disease should be tested for cytomegalovirus. Conversely, children with unusually severe primary cytomegalovirus infection should be tested for coronary aneurysms.

Completely iterative monads of Elgot et al. are the monads such that every guarded iterative equation has a unique solution. Free completely iterative monads are known to exist on every iteratable endofunctor H, i. e., one with final coalgebras of all functors H( ) + X. We show that conversely, if H generates a free completely iterative monad, then it is iteratable.

sarcoplasmic reticulum release. Conversely, 70% Rad knockdown by RNA interference increased ICa (50%), [Ca ]i transients (52%) and contractility (58%) without altering EC coupling efficiency; and the dominant negative mutant RadS105N exerted a similar effect on ICa. Rad upregulation caused depolarizing shift of LCC activation and hastened time-dependent LCC inactivation; Rad downregulation, how...