The tremendous growth of the high speed Internet and data traffic has created an enormousdemand for transmission bandwidth of dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) opticalcommunication systems. The conventional optical amplifiers, such as the erbium doped fiber amplifier(EDFA) and Raman amplifier, are the vital components for DWDM system. Hybrid optical amplifiersuse where it is necessar...

The CA3080 and CA3080A are similar in generic form to conventional operational amplifiers, but differ sufficiently to justify an explanation of their unique characteristics. This new class of operational amplifier not only includes the usual differential input terminals, but also contains an additional control terminal which enhances the device's flexibility for use in a broad spectrum of appli...

The installed capacity of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources has increased continuously in power systems, and its market-oriented transaction is imperative. However, traditional transaction management based on centralized organizations has many disadvantages, such as high operation cost, low transparency, and potential risk of transaction data modification. Therefore,...

In this paper we sketch a new approach for agent design and operability called co-designing agents (CDA). As a working definition, we take a CDA to be an agent that participates in some aspect of its own design. The precise manner and degree of a CDA’s participation will ultimately be a design-time decision, but by considering a specific agent implementation (that of AI actor-agents in a virtua...

This was a descriptive, correlational study designed to evaluate the capacity to direct attention (CDA) of the nurse and to verify an association between the CDA and attention demand situations. For data collection the instruments used were: the Attentional Function Index and the Directed Attention Demands. The participants were 169 nurses of a teaching hospital in the State of São Paulo. The m...

Since clinical document architecture (CDA) became an American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-approved health level seven (HL7) Standard, many countries have begun making an effort to make local standards conform to CDA. In order to make CDA compatible with the many different local standards existing in different countries, we designed a prototype model using HL7 CDA R2 with medical markup ...

Biofilm formation by food-related bacteria and food-related pathogenesis are significant problems in the food industry. Even though much disinfection and mechanical procedure exist for removal of biofilms, they may fail to eliminate pre-established biofilms. cis-2 decenoic acid (CDA), an unsaturated fatty acid messenger produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is reportedly capable of inducing the d...

This paper describes a simple, inexpensive transimpedance amplifier (TIA) suitable to convert the fast current pulses delivered by photomultiplier tube of night airglow photometer into the corresponding voltage. Design criteria for the transimpedance amplifier are carefully selected to include low input bias current, offset voltage and noise. The operation of the transimpedance amplifier and th...

A two-stage fiber-based femtosecond amplification system is presented, based on chirped-pulse amplification in highly nonlinear regime. The amount of self-phase modulation is separately adjusted in each stage selecting the proper stretching ratio in order to compensate gain narrowing. Analytical design rules are validated using numerical simulations. Our experimental implementation leads to the...

Distributed circuits using transmission lines (T-lines) or inductors exhibit high gain-bandwidth-products (GBW), as required by broadband communication systems. In this paper, the design of non-uniform downsized distributed amplifiers (DAs) is explored. Conventional DAs employ a topology in which inductors or T-lines separate the gain stages, yet the output currents from individual stages combi...