Pediatric trauma is commonly encountered in the emergency department, and trauma to the head, chest, and abdomen may be a source of significant morbidity and mortality. As children have unique thoracic anatomical and physiological properties, they may present with diagnostic challenges that the emergency clinician must be aware of. This review examines the effects of blunt trauma to the pediatr...

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a remarkable finding, particularly in patients victims of head injury. The medial longitudinal fasciculus, which is believed to be lesioned in cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, has an unique brain stem position and the mechanism involved in brain stem contusions implies a maximal intensity of shearing forces on the skull base. We describe a very rare associa...

A total of 144 lambs were sampled in a 3×2×2 factorial design, testing three residence (stay) times at a pre-slaughter classification centre (0, 7, and 28days) and two seasons (summer and winter), with two replicates in each season. Meat from the longissimus dorsi was analysed in terms of pH, WHC, texture, colour (L∗a∗b∗, chroma and hue) and carcass bruising. Stay time had a significant effect ...

Workplace safety performance is computed using frequency rate (FR) and severity rate (SR). Only work time lost due to occupational incidents that need to be reported is counted. FR and SR are the 2 most important safety performance indicators that are applied universally; however, calculations differ from country to country. All injuries and time lost should be considered while calculating safe...

A comprehensive neuropathological study was undertaken on 87 children aged between 2 and 15 years with fatal head injuries to identify those features which occurred at the time of head injury (fractured skull, contusions, intracranial haematoma and diffuse axonal injury) and those which were subsequently produced by complicating processes (hypoxic brain damage, raised intracranial pressure, inf...

OBJECTIVE Hyperdense venous thrombi on unenhanced head CT may be misinterpreted as different types of extraaxial hemorrhages, and hemorrhagic venous infarctions may be interpreted as parenchymal contusion, leading to an incorrect diagnosis of trauma as the cause of the blood products. The purpose of this article is to show the various appearances of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) that mimic d...

Traumatic injuries to the chin impact facial and oral soft tissues with lacerations, abrasions, and contusions. The anterior segment of the mandible may be fractured as a result of direct impact to the chin.' Several reports describe fractures of posterior teeth" and the mandibular bone at the subcondyle area." Kennedy reports pulp necrosis in a primary molar as a result of indirect trauma to t...

Stab wounds of the spinal canal are rare and constitute an uncommon cause of spinal cord injury. They are usually responsible for an immediate neurological deficit that requires emergency therapeutic management to minimize the extent of neurological deficit and to prevent further loss of neurological function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to evaluate damage to the spinal cord, inclu...

Brain damage in a series of 635 fatal non-missile head injuries has been analysed with particular reference to the age of the patient and the type of injury. The differences in the type of brain damage in relation to age were less than we had anticipated, lending further support to the contention that the aged brain has a reduced potential for recovery. The analysis confirms the relationship be...

A 46-year old female patient was admitted after a 5-m height fall. Contrast-enhanced CT scan discovered dissection of the right pulmonary artery (Figs 1 and 2) as well as rib fractures, pneumo-/ haemothorax, pulmonary contusions and pneumomedistinum. The dissection was confirmed by another CT scan 6 days later. The course was nonoperatively and uneventful. Figure 1: CT scan revealed dissection ...