Ethos, the speaker’s image in speech is one of three means persuasion e stablished by Aristotle’s Rhetoric and often studied a loose way. Many scholars develop lists self-images (ethos leader, modesty ethos, etc.), but few explain how arrives at these types ethos. This precisely what inferential approach described here intends to do. Considering, like many discourse analysts, that ethos consubs...

The ability to communicate is one of the crucial properties of agents. In this paper a normative approach to the pragmatics of Agent Communication Languages (ACLs) is proposed. In an open environment, like the Internet, in which agents are designed in many different ways, it is important to clearly establish the meaning of a standard language for artificial agents. Traditionally, the pragmatics...

If the life of everyday language can be captured by any single domain of linguistic research, surely pragmatics must be among the top candidates for that honor. Casting its wide net around phenomena as diverse as intonational, morphological and syntactic variation with implications for social and interpersonal meanings, speech acts and their diverse realizations, discourses coherence and cohesi...

the present research aims to examine the effect of task-based syllabus and contrastive analysis of nominal and verbal phrases in persian and lari languages on enhancing persian knowledge of lari speakers. to do so, a sample of 60 subjects in second year of elementary school was selected through multistage and purposive sampling. then, they were divided into two thirty-student groups, one experi...

The evolution of competing lexical categories is simulated within a model in which lexical outputs are organized as sequences of articulatory gestures. When exemplar-based categories compete for assignment and storage of incoming exemplars in a production/storage loop, contrast between categories spontaneously emerges and remains stable, driven by the differences in storage consistency between ...

We formulate a differential version of contrastive divergence for continuous configuration spaces by considering a limit of MCMC processes in which the proposal distribution becomes infinitesimal. This leads to a deterministic differential contrastive divergence update — one in which no stochastic sampling is required. We prove convergence of differential contrastive divergence in general and p...

The modular approach to language in its career of 30 years had alternating and rivaling views regarding the place pragmatics. A first basically is one outlined by Fodor (1983) that would pack pragmatic aspects use under rubric mushy General Problem Solver component architecture, thus extracting it from considerations modularity altogether. rival Massive Modular approaches such as Dan Sperber’s ...