Africa is a continent with a large burden of both infectious and non-communicable diseases. If we are to move forward as a continent, we need to equip our growing cadre of exceptional young scientists with the skills needed to tackle the diseases endemic to this continent. For this, immunology is among the key disciplines. Africans should be empowered to study and understand the diseases that a...

archaeology is growing science that continues to discover the material remains of man; hence, it is the best evidence to understand human relations that too shows close co-operation between the neighboring countries, especially iran and india (present pakistan). right from bronze age when man started building a better social organization, archaeology presents positive evidences for economic an...

AIM The aim of this study is to explore children's, young people's and parents' pre-operative experiences of continent stoma formation. BACKGROUND Current research investigating continent stoma surgery focuses on surgical outcomes including complication rates, adherence to management regimes, self-management practices and levels of continence achieved. Despite reports of pre-operative anxiety...

Although cough transmission pressures to the bladder and urethra are now being measured as part of the evaluation of an incontinent woman, there has not been a comprehensive study specifically focused among continent and incontinent non-institutionalized elderly women in order to understand the meaning of such measurements. To determine the characteristics and significance of the cough transmis...

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of stenting ureteroenteric anastomoses on postoperative stricture rate and gastrointestinal recovery in continent and noncontinent urinary diversions (UDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathologic data on 192 consecutive patients who underwent a radical cystectomy and UD. Patients received either a continent or noncontinen...

Introduction: Radical pelvic surgery requires continent or incontinent urinary diversion. There are many techniques, but the orthotopic neobladder is the most used. A continent catheteri-zable urinary reservoir is sometimes a good alternative when this derivation is not possible or not indicated. This paper has aimed to present our experience with the Indiana pouch continent urinary reservoir. ...

Article history: Imaging using information Received 15 April 2008 Received in revised form 16 November 2008 Accepted 18 November 2008 Available online 28 November 2008

Operational wind data are used to show that the time-averaged mass flux near the tropopause is downward over the maritime continent (Indonesia) region during both summer and winter. The air descends within a layer above the convective level of neutral buoyancy (despite mean upward motion below and above this layer) and must rise through the mean tropopause elsewhere, contradicting the common vi...

Half of Africa's almost 450 million inhabitants have no access to health services, while two-thirds lack safe drinking water, according to a 1991 report by the World Bank. Most Africans are also seriously affected by poverty, civil war, indoor and outdoor pollutants, diarrhea-causing microbes, tropical diseases such as malaria, rapid population growth, inadequate sanitation and sewage treatmen...

We present an approach for optimizing the performance of information agents by materializing useful information . A critical problem with information agents, particularly those gathering and integrating information from Web sources is a high query response time. This is because the data needed to answer user queries is present across several diierent Web sources (and in several pages within a s...