Most studies in the neurobiology of learning assume that the underlying learning process is a pairing - dependent change in synaptic strength that requires repeated experience of events presented in close temporal contiguity. However, much learning is rapid and does not depend on temporal contiguity, which has never been precisely defined. These points are well illustrated by studies showing th...

Relational datasets, which include clustering information, can be visualized with tools such as BubbleSets, LineSets, SOM, and GMap. The countries in SOM-based and GMap-based visualizations are fragmented, i.e., they are represented by several disconnected regions. While BubbleSets and LineSets have contiguous regions, these regions may overlap, even when the input clustering is non-overlapping...

Contingency and temporal contiguity are important "cues to causality." In this study, we examined how aging influences the use of this information in response-outcome causal learning. Young and older adults judged a generative causal contingency (i.e., outcome is more likely when a response is made) to be stronger when response and outcome were contiguous than when the outcome was delayed. Cont...

This paper focuses on the optimal assignment of a chain-structured medical task onto a chain of networked devices, a need identified in contextaware mobile healthcare applications. We propose a graph-based method to compute the assignment which has the minimal end-to-end process and transfer delay. In essence, the method transforms the assignment problem to a shortest path problem in a graph re...

The identification of geographic target markets is critical to the success of companies that are expanding internationally. Country borders have traditionally been used to delineate such target markets, resulting in accessible segments and cost efficient entry strategies. However, at present such ‘‘countries-as-segments’’ strategies may no longer be valid. In response to the accelerating trend ...

Abstract In this paper we explore special values of Gaussian hypergeometric functions in terms products Euler $$\Gamma $$ Γ -functions and exponential linear the parameters. They include some classical evaluations, but main inspiration is from contiguity method recently applied by Akihito Ebisu.

We present a novel data organization for disk arrays|Segmented Information Dispersal (SID). SID provides protection against disk failures while ensuring that the reconstruction of the missing data requires only relatively small contiguous accesses to the available disks. SID has a number of properties that make it an attractive solution for fault-tolerant video servers. Under fault-free conditi...