The “Semantic Web” aims at enhancing the functionality of the current web to bring “meaning” to the content of web pages so that to considerably improve the access to this content. Bringing meaning to multimedia content is the aim of the MPEG-7 standard. However, merely attaching MPEG-7 descriptions to multimedia content does not necessarily make access to this type of content more effective. F...

ions have universal value, still requires the aid of instances, analogies and metaphors. The fewness of these abstractions saves the linguistic situation. If we employed, say, a hundred radically different types of connections (still a small number) the task of limiting the misunderstandings due to the variety in our references would have proved impossible. The fundamental connections being thu...

Practical tasks like question answering and machine translational ultimately require computing meaning representations that support inference. Standard linguistic accounts of meaning are impracticable for such purposes, both because they assume nonmonotonic operations such as quantifier movement, and because they lack a representation for the meaning of content words that supports efficient com...

Just how far can externalism go? In this exciting new book Ruth Millikan explores a radically externalist treatment of empirical concepts (Millikan 2000). For the last thirty years philosophy of mind’s ties to meaning internalism have been loosened. The theory of content has swung uncomfortably on its moorings in a fickle current, straining against opposing ties to mind and world. In this book ...

The correct web site text content must be help to the visitors to find what they are looking for. However, the reality is quite different, many times the web page text content is ambiguous, without meaning and worst, it don’t have relation with the topic that is shown as the main theme. One reason to this problem is the lack of contents with concept meaning in the web page, i.e., the utilizatio...

The interplay of content and context is observable in a moment to moment manner as propositional content unfolds. The current contribution illustrates this through data from real-time language comprehension indicating that propositional content is not computed in isolation but relies in important ways on context during every step of the computation of meaning. The relevant notion of context tha...

BACKGROUND Imagery rescripting (ImRs) is a process by which aversive autobiographical memories are rendered less unpleasant or emotional. ImRs is thought only to be effective if a change in the meaning-relevant (semantic) content of the mental image is produced, according to a cognitive hypothesis of ImRs. We propose an additional hypothesis: that ImRs can also be effective by the manipulation ...

The experience of meaning is often conceptualized as involving reliable pattern or coherence. However, research has not addressed whether exposure to pattern or coherence influences the phenomenological experience of meaning in life. Four studies tested the prediction that exposure to objective coherence (vs. incoherence) would lead to higher reports of meaning in life. In Studies 1 and 2 (comb...

Health is a state of homeostasis of four principle kinds, namely, biochemical, physiological, psychological, and social. In this article, we complete this theory with a fifth element, namely, spiritual balance. Existential attitudes have been found to be closely related to identity formation, moral development, value-related attitudes, personal goals, and lifestyle choices. Meaning in life and ...