Background: About 190 million people consume drugs and alcohol worldwide with the majority of this number being the youth. In Zambia the consumption of alcohol and other drug abuse is on the increase with the majority of youths starting to consume alcohol at an early age. Objectives: Aim of this paper is to explore the usage of alcohol and tobacco among University of Zambia students and factors...

Tobacco smoking is the largest single preventable cause of many chronic diseases and death. Effective treatments exist; however, few smokers use them and most try to quit by themselves. Most of the tobacco cigarette's toxicity is related to the combustion process. Models of harm reduction applied to tobacco suggest that switching from inhalation of combustible products to a noncombustible nicot...

Background Tobacco smoke is the cause of the most deadly epidemic of modern times. Smoking causes cancer (for example, lung, oral cavity, oesophagus, larynx, pancreas, bladder, kidney), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), myocardial infarction, and stroke. The continuing toll of tobacco use has prompted the search for means of harm reduction for those who cannot or will not stop using...

OBJECTIVES To analyze the prevalence trends for smoking and its determinants in the general population of Barcelona from 1983 to 2000. DESIGN Time series study. SETTING Health survey based on home interviews of a representative sample of the general population of Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS In the years 1983, 1992, and 2000 we interviewed 3134, 5004, and 10,000 persons, respectively. MAIN O...

BACKGROUND This study assessed the status of cigarette marketing in Iran as well as the attitude of smokers toward smoking and the policies and tobacco control programs in the country. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3480 volunteer smokers in six provinces, using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The study population consisted of smokers who used at least one ci...

The article examines the results of a three-year monitoring public opinion on awareness about measures to reduce prevalence tobacco consumption in Russian Federation, which was conducted basis Internet surveys (SLOP research) using questionnaire developed accordance with objectives study 2019-2021 years. also included questions and nicotine-containing products. purpose identify existing emergin...

The tobacco control movement needs a global information system permitting routine monitoring of the tobacco trade, tobacco farming, the tobacco industry, the prevalence of tobacco use, associated mortality, and national resources for combating tobacco. The Tobacco Control Country Profiles database, a data collection initiative led by the American Cancer Society in collaboration with WHO and the...