When designing grammars of natural language, typically, more than one formal analysis can account for a given phenomenon. Moreover, because analyses interact, the choices made by the engineer influence the possibilities available in further grammar development. The order in which phenomena are treated may therefore have a major impact on the resulting grammar. This paper proposes to tackle this...

English verbal gerunds have long been of interest to syntacticians. Verbal gerund phrases display a mix of nominal and verbal properties which provide a challenge to any syntactic framework that assumes a strict version of X-bar theory. Various approaches have been proposed to get around these problems, but they all involve abandoning a fundamentally desirable theoretic assumption or adopting a...

This paper illustrates the use of ‘feature matrices’, a technique for handling ambiguity and feature indeterminacy in feature structure grammars using unification as the single mechanism for processing. Both phenomena involve forms that can be mapped onto multiple, often conflicting values. This paper illustrates their respective challenges through German case agreement, which has become the li...

Parsing a natural languagewith its substantial structural complexity and ambiguity has turned out to be a puzzler. While the most of attempts in this area so far has relied on hand-generated parsers, difficulties inherent in the manual construction of natural language grammar lead up to efforts to induce the grammar automatically. Our approach to the automatic grammar induction presented in thi...

~ A flexible parser can deal with input that deviates from its grammar, in addition to input that conforms to it. Ideally, such a parser will correct the deviant input: sometimes, it will be unable to correct it at all; at other times, correction will be possible, but only to within a range of ambiguous possJbilities. This paper is concerned with such ambiguous situations, and with making it as...

Parsing is an important step for natural language understanding, including phrase alignment for supporting statistical machine translation. Ability on analysing real text by parser strongly depends on grammar. Treebank could be one of the sources for grammar extraction. However, treebank construction largely relies on human annotators intuitions. Different intuitions from multiple annotators br...

In our paper we discuss an approach to semiautomatic corpus processing aimed at analysing verb valencies in Czech and consecutive determining the type of TIL (Transparent Intensional Logic) construction that belongs to the verb. Obtaining the type of the construction is a corner-stone of the logical semantic analysis of sentences. TIL is a highly suitable tool for representing the semantic stru...

We present an approach to na tura l language unders tanding based on a computable grammar of const~ctions. A construetionconsists of a set of features of form and a description of meaning in a context. A grammar is a set of constructions. This kind of grammar is the key element of MINCAL, an implemented natural language speech-enabled interface to an online calendar system. Tile architecture ha...

in recent years, the teaching of grammar and the importance attached to it has become a bone of contention among language teaching professionals. the emergence of the communicative approach (ca) in second or foreign language teaching has been one of the most important factors leading to this controversy. since the advent of ca in the second half of the 1970's grammar which had always occup...

Combinatory Categorial Grammar is a lexicalised formalism which is mildly context-sensitive. Recently Set Combinatory Categorial Grammar, a direct descendent of Combinatory Categorial Grammar was proposed to treat local scrambling adequately. In this paper, we briefly sketch Set Combinatory Categorial Grammar analyses of various Korean syntactic phenomena including coordination, extraction and ...