Philosophers of criminal punishment widely agree that should be “proportional” to the “seriousness” offense. But this apparent consensus is only superficial, masking significant dissensus below surface. Proposed proportionality principles differ on several distinct dimensions, including: (1) regarding which offense or offender properties determine and thus constitute a relatum; (2) whether obje...

Constraint programming (CP) is a paradigm used to model and solve constraint satisfaction combinatorial optimization problems. In CP, problems are modeled with constraints that describe acceptable solutions solved backtracking tree search augmented logical inference. this paper, we show how quantum algorithms can accelerate at both the levels of inference search. Leveraging existing algorithms,...

In this paper, a displacement-constrained volume-minimizing topology optimization model is present for two-dimensional continuum problems. The new model is a generalization of the displacement-constrained volume-minimizing model developed by Yi and Sui [1] in which the displacement is constrained in the loading point. In the original model the displacement constraint was formulated as an equali...