OBJECTIVES   Spinal cord stimulation devices control energy by generating either constant voltage (CV) pulses or constant current (CC) pulses. This study aimed to investigate: 1) whether patients feel differences between CV and CC stimulation; 2) if patients prefer CV or CC stimulation. METHODS   Fourteen patients blinded to the type of pulse generation received 20 randomized pairs of 15-sec ...

This work analyzes and compares the differences in efficiency between supercapacitor constant-current constant-power charging under same boundary conditions, i.e., from initial voltage to final equal times both variants. Similarly, discharging are compared for The study included calculations virtual simulations based on most frequently used equivalent RC model of supercapacitors. As a result, t...

This paper analyzed the four series-parallel (SP) compensation topologies to achieve constant current (CC) and voltage (CV) output characteristics zero phase angle (ZPA) input conditions with fewer components in capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. There are three main contributions. Firstly, universal methodology of SP was constructed CC, CV output, ZPA conditions. Secondly, specific were i...

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulated Visual Aids for Navigation stated on Annex 14 Chapter 5 consist of mandatory item which provides important guidance's piloting the airplane. Presently, system visual aids navigation has been working with Constant Current Regulator (CCR) in its development there are various type at CCR used airport. One is still widely airport today NBF ...

The investigation on the constant current (CC)/constant voltage (CV) charging for electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) system has been widely conducted. However, CC/CV performance under misalignment cases scarcely studied especially multi-coil WPT system. resonant tank compensation methodology exciter-quadrature-repeaters (EQR) transmitter-based is to achieve high factor with low leak...

We assume a constant current density in a homogeneous one-component plasma of infinite extent and calculate the resulting magnetic energy per particle. Our starting point is the conserved approximately relativistic (Darwin) energy for a system of electromagnetically interacting particles that arises from the neglect of radiation. For the idealized model of a homogeneous one-component plasma the...