When visual sensor networks (VSNs) enter daily life in society, they not only bring great convenience but also cause people to worry about privacy. Traditional image encryption often displays the effect of snowflake encrypted images playing a part privacy protection, usability directly browsing taken by nodes VSNs is sacrificed. Recently, thumbnail-preserving (TPE) has been proposed balance and...

We propose Granger causality mapping (GCM) as an approach to explore directed influences between neuronal populations (effective connectivity) in fMRI data. The method does not rely on a priori specification of a model that contains pre-selected regions and connections between them. This distinguishes it from other fMRI effective connectivity approaches that aim at testing or contrasting specif...

Infancy is the most critical period in human brain development. Studies demonstrate that subtle brain abnormalities during this state of life may greatly affect the developmental processes of the newborn infants. One of the rapidly developing methods for early characterization of abnormal brain development is functional connectivity of the brain at rest. While the majority of resting-state stud...

The use of electron microscopy (EM) to describe the detailed synaptic connectivity in the retina has a rich history. Recent technological advances in serial electron microscopy (EM) have placed a complete description of the synaptic connectivity of the mammalian retina within reach. These new tools have recently been used to densely reconstruct the largest piece of a mammalian retina to date. C...

This review focuses on the use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to assess functional connectivity in the human brain and its application in intractable epilepsy. This approach has the potential to predict outcomes for a given surgical procedure based on the pre-surgical functional organization of the brain. Functional connectivity can also identify cortical regions th...

The Mumford conjecture, Madsen-Weiss and homological stability for mapping class groups of surfaces 3 Introduction 3 Lecture 1. The Mumford conjecture and the Madsen-Weiss theorem 5 1. The Mumford conjecture 5 2. Moduli space, mapping class groups and diffeomorphism groups 5 3. The Mumford-Morita-Miller classes 7 4. Homological stability 7 5. The Madsen-Weiss theorem 9 6. Exercices 10 Lecture 2...

we develop a theory of stratified $lm$-filters which generalizes the theory of stratified $l$-filters. our stratification condition explicitly depends on a suitable mapping between the lattices $l$ and $m$. if $l$ and $m$ are identical and the mapping is the identity mapping, then we obtain the theory of stratified $l$-filters. based on the stratified $lm$-filters, a general theory of lattice-v...

Background: Tinnitus known as a central nervous system disorder is correlated with specific oscillatory activities within auditory and non-auditory brain areas. Several studies in the past few years have revealed that in the most tinnitus cases, the response pattern of neurons in auditory system is changed due to auditory deafferentation, which leads to variation and disruption of the brain net...

Previous animal research suggests that the spread of pathological agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) follows the direction of signaling pathways. Specifically, tau pathology has been suggested to propagate in an infection-like mode along axons, from transentorhinal cortices to medial temporal lobe cortices and consequently to other cortical regions, while amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology seems to sp...