I show that Kant’s phrase Ding an sich denotes, not a type of thing, but a type of object: namely, an object which is per se a thing. My interpretation is based on the assumption that Kant follows the traditional use of the terms objectum and res. Kant’s distinction between phenomenon and noumenon is a distinction between types of object: a “distinction of all objects in general into phenomena ...

BACKGROUND The differential susceptibility hypothesis states that some genetic variants that confer risk in adverse environments are beneficial in normal or nurturing environments. The cholinergic system is promising as a source of susceptibility genes because of its involvement in learning and neural plasticity. The cholinergic receptor gene CHRNA4 has been linked to characteristics related to...

In the first part of Summa theologiae St. Thomas Aquinas analyzes cognition in God, angels and human beings; he does that by comparing juxtaposing them. On one side, questions concerning divine cognition, such as identity substance, its nondiscursivity, scope or future contingents are considered articles dedicated to angels. other proper characteristics on soul, active intellect, lack inborn in...

conformity of miracle of every prophet with the prevailing art and occupation of every time is a well-known matter among scholars. such a theme is narrated for the first time through a chain of transmitters from the 10th shi‘a imam (al-hadi), though it is attributed to the 8th imam (al-rida). as the chain of transmission of the hadith is poor, investigation of its theme is necessary. in this ha...

The main goal of the project called Socratenon was to build a new Web-based training environment that would go beyond traditional ones. In the open literature, there are several solutions trying to accomplish the same to a certain degree. Some of them are nothing more but plain virtual textbooks that only flip pages on mouse-clicks. More sophisticated techniques include user modeling in order t...

Human intellect is characterized by intercorrelated psychological domains, including intelligence, academic performance and personality. Higher openness is associated with higher intelligence and better academic performance, yet high performance among individuals is itself attributable to intelligence, not openness. High conscientiousness individuals, although not necessarily more intelligent, ...

Introduction Cells need oxygen for mitochondrial respiration and a wide range of other metabolic processes. It is increasingly being recognized that there are sophisticated mechanisms for monitoring local oxygenation and that these are used to modulate extensive aspects of cellular behaviour. This excellent meeting was held at 9,600 feet where oxygen is 70% of that at sea level; enough to cause...

New developments in genetics, anthropology, and neurobiology predict that a very large number of genes underlie our intellectual and emotional abilities, making these abilities genetically surprisingly fragile.