Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease is possible from the 16th week of pregnancy, the ideal time being the mid-trimester, when most cardiac abnormalities can be detected. However, identification of anomalous pulmonary venous connection is difficult before birth and the sensitivity of fetal echocardiography in detecting this anomaly is low. Four cases are reported in which fetal echoca...

Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare congenital venous anomaly. It results from failure of closure of the left anterior cardinal vein during cardiac development. It is usually asymptomatic but can be associated with other congenital cardiac defects including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, endocardial cushion defects, tetralogy of Fallot and rhythm disturbances. PLSVC...

Background: Scimitar syndrome (SS) or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome is a rare anomaly, most commonly including partial pulmonary venous drainage into the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia, dextroposition of the heart, and anomalous systemic arterial supply from aorta or one of its branches to the right lung. Case report: A 10-day-old female infant was referred to our hospital...

Health professionals involved in invasive procedures such as central venous catheter placement should have a thorough knowledge of thoracic vascular anatomy. Various developmental anomalies the large intra-thoracic veins can be incidentally discovered normal adults. Amongst these congenital is duplication superior vena cava (SVC), which results from failure left cardinal vein to obliterate. Awa...

A 58-year-old woman was referred to the nephrology department because of a continuous bruit over the right flank heard by her primary care physician. Blood pressure was 120/80 mmHg. Complete blood count and urinary analysis were within normal limits. She had no history of prior renal surgery or trauma. A large cyst-like lesion at the right kidney with turbulent blood flow was found on colour Do...

INTRODUCTION Patent paraumbilical and abdominal subcutaneous veins are found frequently as collaterals in patients due to portal hypertension mainly in liver cirrhosis. CASE PRESENTATION For evaluation of portal hypertension in a 72-year-old Caucasian man without liver cirrhosis, magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast-enhancement was performed and demonstrated a missing inferior ...

Persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) is an uncommon congenital thoracic venous anomaly in dogs. This study examines the clinical and CT findings of dogs diagnosed with PLCVC incidentally. In this study, complete type of PLCVC was diagnosed in 26 dogs with CT angiography. Shih tzu (17 cases) and Pekingese dogs (3 cases) were overrepresented. There was no gender predisposition, and the avera...

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common thoracic venous anomaly and is a persistent congenital remnant of the vena caval system from early cardiac development. Patients with congenital anomalous venous return are at increased risk of developing various cardiac arrhythmias, due to derangement of embryologic conductive tissue during the early development of the heart. Previo...

chylothorax in adult occurs most commonly in the wake of cardiac and thoracic procedures. injuries to the  common thoracic duct in the thorax or its branches in the mediastinum, injuries to the thymus tissues, dissection of the superior vena cava or ascending aorta, dissection of the aortic arch, disruption of the accessory lymphatics in the left or right thorax, and increased pressure in the s...