A preliminary discussion of the general problem of localization of wave functions, and the way it is approached in theoretical condensed matter physics (Wannier functions) and theoretical chemistry (localized or fragment orbitals) is followed by an application of the ideas of Paper II in this series to the structures of hydrogen as they evolve under increasing pressure. The idea that emerges is...

We propose a statistical approach for studying the close packing of elastic rods. This phenomenon belongs to the class of problems of confinement of low dimensional objects, such as DNA packaging in viral capsids. The method developed is based on Edwards' approach, which was successfully applied to polymer physics and to granular matter. We show that the confinement induces a configurational ph...

Low and improved confinement modes in the H-1 heliac @M. G. Shats et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4190 ~1996!# are studied experimentally in rf-sustained ~,100 kW, 7 MHz! argon discharges at low magnetic fields ~,0.15 T!. Surprisingly high ion temperature, measured using a retarding field energy analyzer, is found which increases across the transition to improved confinement mode from 40 to 80 eV,...

The formation of monolayer and multilayer ice with a square lattice structure has recently been reported on the basis of transmission electron microscopy experiments, renewing interest in confined two dimensional ice. Here we report a systematic density functional theory study of double-layer ice in nano-confinement. A phase diagram as a function of confinement width and lateral pressure is pre...

Optical phonon confinement and efficient UV emission of ZnO nanowires were investigated in use of resonant Raman scattering (RRS) and photoluminescence (PL). The high-quality ZnO nanowires with diameters of 80-100 nm and lengths of several micrometers were epitaxially grown through a simple low-pressure vapor-phase deposition method at temperature 550 degrees C on the precoated GaN(0001) buffer...

A multi-material two-phase hybrid model of heterogeneous explosives, with a reaction rate that is proportional to the gas-phase pressure excess above an ignition threshold, is examined computationally. The explosive is confined within a compliant inert, and the focus is on the behavior of an established detonation as it rounds a 90◦ corner and undergoes diffraction. The numerical approach, a va...

Global plasma oscillations have been observed in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV; R/a=0.88m/ 0.25m, BT<1.54T) in reversed magnetic shear discharges (fully non-inductive driven) with electron Internal Transport Barriers (eITBs). These slow oscillations involve the electron temperature and density and the plasma current. The triggering mechanism is the periodic destabilisation and stabi...

We studied cavitation in metastable fluids drawing on the example of liquid nitrogen confined to spheroidal pores of specially prepared well-characterized mesoporous silica materials with mean pore diameters ranging from approximately 6 to approximately 35 nm. Cavitation was monitored in the process of evaporation/desorption from fully saturated samples with gradually decreasing vapor pressure ...

Linearly unstable high b tokamak equilibria are shown to be nonlinearly stabilized by an axisymmetric flow containing both toroidal and poloidal components. As fingers of hot plasma produced by pressure driven ballooning instabilities start to convect out towards the bounding wall, an axisymmetric flow is self-consistently generated and opposes the growth of the fingers, maintaining confinement...

Mesoscale models are used to study dynamic deformation and failure in silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxynitride (AlON) polycrystals. Elastic and anisotropic elastic-plastic crystal models represent mechanical behavior of SiC and AlON and grains, respectively. Cohesive zone models represent intergranular fracture. Failure data that can be used to inform macroscopic continuum models of cerami...