Simple theoretical models are presented to illustrate the effects of spatial confinement and macromolecular crowding on the equilibria and rates of protein folding and binding. Confinement is expected to significantly stabilize the folded state, but for crowding only a marginal effect on protein stability is expected. In confinement the unfolded chain is restricted to a cage but in crowding the...

We report the design of a bottle-brush polymer whose architecture closely mimics the lubricating protein lubricin. Interaction forces, assessed using a Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA), between two mica surfaces fully covered by the polymer demonstrate that the polymer adopts a loop conformation giving rise to a weak and long-range repulsive interaction force between the surfaces. Under high comp...

We consider the barotropic Navier–Stokes system describing motion of a compressible viscous fluid confined to bounded domain driven by time periodic inflow/outflow boundary conditions. show that problem admits solution in class weak solutions satisfying energy inequality.

The current research on confined submerged waterjets mainly focuses on the flow field of the impinging jet and wall jet. The double-sided wall vertically confined waterjet, which is widely used in many fields such as mining, cleaning and surface strengthening, has rarely been studied so far. In order to explore the influence of a double-sided wall confined width on the velocity field of submerg...

Articulated solid bodies (ASB) is a basic model for the study of shapechanging underwater vehicles made of rigid parts linked together by pivoting joints. In this paper we study the locomotion of such swimming mechanisms in an ideal fluid. Our study ranges over a wide class of problems: several ASBs can be involved (without being hydrodynamically decoupled), the fluid-bodies system can be parti...

In this paper a numerical method is used to study the unsteady state natural convection heat transfer within a confined porous media with uniform internal heat generation. The governing equations based on the Darcy model and Bossiness approximations are solved, using the finite difference Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The developed program was used to simulate natural convection ...

Helium-II at (finite) temperature below the transition T ≈ 2.17 K can be described as the superposition of two interacting fluids. A normal fluid which has non-zero viscosity and an inviscid superfluid, in which vorticity is confined to quantized vortices [1]. The large-scale dynamics of these two copenetrating fluids obey respectively the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations (at low Mach number) ...

A small epidemic of acrylamide poisoning amongst workers in the construction industry is described. The clinical features of this condition are reviewed and two cases are described in which residual neurological problems persisted for over 1 year. The literature on acrylamide poisoning is reviewed and it is recommended that this substance should only be handled in the open air or in well ventil...

Compressed monodisperse emulsions in confined space exhibit highly ordered structures. The influence of the volume fraction and the confinement geometry on the organized structures is investigated and the mechanism by which structural transition occurs is studied. Based on the understanding of ordering behavior of compressed emulsions, a simple and high-throughput method to fabricate monodisper...

Spatially resolved and time-resolved understanding of complex fluid situations compose a new frontier in physical chemistry. Here we draw attention to the significance of spatially resolving systems whose ensemble average differs fundamentally from the spatially resolved individual elements. We take examples from the field of fluid phospholipid bilayers, to which macromolecules adsorb; the fiel...