Abstract Stability of large underground structures depends on not only rock mass conditions but also excavation stages and support systems. In addition, complexity geological interaction with in situ affect the performance design. The Akyazı tunnel (Trabzon, Turkey) is 2478 m long was designed as 3 lanes double tubes, number at junction part increases to 5. Tunnel cross-sectional area from reac...

Reinforced concrete (RC) is a widely used construction material around the world. RC has many advantages in terms of structural stability. However, reinforcement requires extensive labour costs. Steel fibre reinforced (SFRC) been studied to replace steel bars structures over decades. most underground structures, such as tunnel lining, are usually designed using conventional for long-term stabil...

The in situ spraying method is widely used because of its advantages as a trenchless pipeline repair technology, including fast construction speed and close bonding between the lining layer reinforced concrete pipe. However, current research on high-performance spray materials, bearing capacity pipelines before after repair, failure modes two interfaces insufficient. Through laboratory tests de...

Waters’ variant of the Boneh-Boyen IBE scheme is attractive because of its efficency, applications, and security attributes, but suffers from a relatively complex proof with poor concrete security. This is due in part to the proof’s “artificial abort” step, which has then been inherited by numerous derivative works. It has often been asked whether this step is necessary. We show that it is not,...

Large section tunnels have huge excavation spans, complex procedures, mutual influence among various multiple disturbances of the surrounding rock, and discontinuous connection linings under different which bring great difficulties to their construction. The Caijianwei Mountain No. 2 tunnel Xiamen Haicang Evacuate-channel project in China belongs a super large tunnel. tunnel’s maximum span reac...

Wall displacements and ground pressure acting on the lining of a tunnel increase with time. These time-dependent deformations are both due to face advance effect and to the time-dependent behavior of the rock mass.  Viscoelastic materials exhibit both viscous and elastic behaviors. Thorough this study, the effect of different linear viscoelastic models including Maxwell, Kelvin and Kelvin-Voigt...