An analysis of optical properties of fundamental-mode in waveguide tapered fibers is theoretically investigated and realized in this paper. The waveguide device is tapering an SMF-28 fiber to few tens of micrometers of diameter. For discussing the cladding size of waveguide structure affects the fundamental-mode cutoff (FMC) and the optical characteristics of the devices, to etch outer cladding...

A simple but surprisingly useful system of inquiry is outlined and applied to elicit and validate systemic knowledge. Systemic knowledge is the holistic understanding of interpersonal expectations or norms, the technical system, and the relationships between the two. General systems concepts such as hierarchy and intentionality are employed to generate a new V-model that incorporates the famili...

Previous research has found that different presentations of the same concept can result in different patterns of transfer to isomorphic instances of the same concept. Much of this work has framed these effects in terms of advantages and disadvantages of concreteness or abstractness. We note that mathematics is a richly structured field, with deeply interconnected concepts and many distinct aspe...

Historically, all basic mathematical concepts of control theory were first stated and developed in continuous time, and subsequently reformed for discrete time, motivated by the growing role of digital computations and computer use. Although a majority of notions and results for continuousand discrete-time systems are almost identical, these two branches of the control science have been develop...

Situations where individuals have to contribute to joint efforts or share scarce resources are ubiquitous. Yet, without proper mechanisms to ensure cooperation, the evolutionary pressure to maximize individual success tends to create a tragedy of the commons (such as over-fishing or the destruction of our environment). This contribution addresses a number of related puzzles of human behavior wi...

In this paper we investigate a new formal model of machine learning in which the concept (boolean function) to be learned may exhibit uncertain or probabilistic behavior|thus, the same input may sometimes be classiied as a positive example and sometimes as a negative example. Such probabilistic concepts (or p-concepts) may arise in situations such as weather prediction, where the measured varia...

This longitudinal study examined how language ability relates to mathematical development in a linguistically and ethnically diverse sample of children from 6 to 9 years of age. Study participants were 75 native English speakers and 92 language minority learners followed from first to fourth grades. Autoregression in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework was used to evaluate the relati...

Although the field of sparse representations is relatively new, research activities in academic and industrial research labs are already producing encouraging results. The sparse signal or parameter model motivated several researchers and practitioners to explore high complexity/wide bandwidth applications such as Digital TV, MRI processing, and certain defense applications. The potential signa...

All of us have had the experience of asking a class “Remember this...?” and receiving blank stares in response. One demotivator for students to utilise deep learning techniques is a failure to attach value to the concept being learned. In order to encourage students to attach value to concepts, it is suggested that as fundamental, threshold concepts are being taught, they are explicitly linked ...