Background: The purpose of this study is to fabricate inexpensive in-house low cost homogeneous and heterogeneous human equivalent thorax phantom and assess the dose accuracy of the Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) calculated values for different lung treatment dosimetery. It is compared with Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) measurement. Materials and Methods: Homogeneous and heterogeneous tho...

A major determinant of the success of surgical vascular modifications, such as the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), is the energetic efficiency that is assessed by calculating the mechanical energy loss of blood flow through the new connection. Currently, however, to determine the energy loss, invasive pressure measurements are necessary. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility of...

BACKGROUND A tissue-mimicking phantom that accurately represents human-tissue properties is important for safety testing and for validating new imaging techniques. To achieve a variety of desired human-tissue properties, we have fabricated and tested several variations of gelatin phantoms. These phantoms are simple to manufacture and have properties in the same order of magnitude as those of so...

Gamma index pass rates were evaluated for an anthropomorphic phantom using both 2D and 3D calculations. The phantom was irradiated with the traditional dosimetry insert loaded with radiochromic film and TLD, and then with a 3D dosimetry insert. A comparison with the calculated dose distribution showed that both the PRESAGE® dosimeter and the film and TLD system agreed with the plan to within 5%...

We examine phantom dark energy models derived from a scalar field with a negative kinetic term for which V (φ) → ∞ asymptotically. All such models can be divided into three classes, corresponding to an equation of state parameter wφ with asymptotic behavior wφ → −1, wφ → w0 < −1, and wφ → −∞. We derive the conditions on the potential V (φ) which lead to each of these three types of behavior. Fo...

Figure 1: Left: three dimensional scheme of the phantom used for MRI experiments. Center tube is filled with PHIP substance (orange), outer tube contains water (blue). Right: the FIDs originating from the whole phantom. The blue signal stems from thermally polarized water and thermally polarized PHIP substanc. The red signal is generated by thermally polarized water and hyperpolarized PHIP subs...

We consider two alternative dark energy models: a Lorentz invariance preserving model with a nonminimally coupled scalar field and a Lorentz invariance violating model with a minimally coupled scalar field. We study accelerated expansion and dynamics of equation of state parameter in these scenarios. While a minimally coupled scalar field has not the capability to be a successful dark energy ca...

We study possible crossing of the phantom divided barrier in a Lorentz invariance violating dark energy model. Lorentz invariance violation which is achieved by introducing a vector field in the action, incorporates directly in the dynamics of the scalar field and equation of state. This interesting feature allows us to study phantom divided barrier crossing in the context of Lorentz invariance...