Usually mathematicians use Hodgkin-Huxley model or FitzHug-Nagumo model to simulate action potentials of skeletal muscle fibers. These models are electrically excitable, but skeletal muscle fibers are stimulated chemically. To investigate skeletal muscle fibers we use a model with six ordinary differential equations. This dynamical system is sensitive to initial value of some variables so it is...

Synaptic transmission produced by artificially generated presynaptic depolarizations, having the same waveform as normal presynaptic action potentials, was studied in the squid giant synapse. These stimulated spikes produced synaptic transmission virtually indistinguishable from that obtained with the original presynaptic spike activation. The technique allows a direct determination of the onse...

All living cells have a membrane which separates inside the cell from it's outside. There is a potential difference between inside and outside of the cell. This potential difference will change during an action potential. It is quite common to peruse action potentials of skeletal muscle fibers with the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Since Hodgkin and Huxley summarized some controlling currents like inwa...

With respect to disasters, earthquake is one of the leading causes of death. Its aftermath can be abated if proper actions take place before the onset of the earthquake. Various sectors in a country are responsible for managing disasters, but the lack of knowledge about the positive effects of their actions makes them reluctant to act decisively. Retrofitting buildings and structures, positioni...

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have measured the value of the Planck constant to be h = 6.626 069 934(89)× 10−34J s (relative standard uncertainty 13 × 10−9). The result is based on over 10 000 weighings of masses with nominal values ranging from 0.5 kg to 2 kg with the Kibble balance NIST-4. The uncertainty has been reduced by more than twofold relativ...

A maintenance policy is studied for a system with two types of failure modes: maintainable and non-maintainable. The quality of maintenance actions is modelled by its effect on the system failure rate. Preventive maintenance actions restore the system to a condition between as good as new and as bad as immediately before the maintenance action. The model presented permits to study the equipment...

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have measured the value of the Planck constant to be h = 6.626 069 934(89)× 10−34J s (relative standard uncertainty 13 × 10−9). The result is based on over 10 000 weighings of masses with nominal values ranging from 0.5 kg to 2 kg with the Kibble balance NIST-4. The uncertainty has been reduced by more than twofold relativ...