It is commonly held that implicit knowledge expresses itself as fluency. A perceptual clarification task was used to examine the relationship between perceptual processing fluency, subjective familiarity, and grammaticality judgments in a task frequently used to produce implicit knowledge, artificial grammar learning (AGL). Four experiments examined the effects of naturally occurring difference...

We have developed an automated method that predicts the word accuracy of a speech recognition system for non-native speech, in the context of speaking proficiency scoring. A model was trained using features based on speech recognizer scores, function word distributions, prosody, background noise, and speaking fluency. Since the method was implemented for non-native speech, fluency features, whi...

Writing is regarded as a crucial skill in English language curricula at the secondary and tertiary levels Chinese education system. Currently, teachers of foreign (EFL) often adopt product approach to teaching EFL writing, which they emphasize quality their students’ written products show little concern with writing process. To help L2 learners achieve sustainable development proficiency, emplo...

It is commonly held that implicit knowledge expresses itself as fluency. A perceptual clarification task was used to examine the relationship between perceptual processing fluency, subjective familiarity, and grammaticality judgments in a task frequently used to produce implicit knowledge, artificial grammar learning (AGL). Four experiments examined the effects of naturally occurring difference...

In the present study, two different models of task complexity; namely, limited attentional capacity model and cognition hypothesis were examined. To this end, the manipulation of cognitive task complexity along +/- single task dimension on Iranian EFL learners’ production in terms of fluency was explored. Based on the results of the writing test of TOFEL (2004), 48 learners were selected as the...

Speaking mastery has been known as the benchmark of language learning, yet many students still find it difficult to speak with great accuracy and fluency. To widen knowledge fill gaps in existing research, this present qualitative-descriptive research is investigate how vocational see accuracy, fluency, other psychological-related aspects speaking well collecting some suggestions create a bette...

1. introduction language teachers frequently observe a gap between their students' potential competence and their performance in the class. anderson (1993) attributes this to the fact that human has a limited processing capacity and is not able to attend to various aspects of a task simultaneously. this limitation causes l2 learners not to be able to focus on both meaning and form at the same t...

This paper addresses the task of automatic evaluation of spoken fluency skills of a speaker. Specifically, the paper evaluates the role of language models built from fluent and disfluent data in quantifying the fluency of a spoken monologue. We show that features based on relative perplexities of the fluent and the disfluent language models on a given utterance are indicative of the level of sp...