The atlanto-occipital joint is composed of the superior fossa lateral masses atlas (C1) and occipital condyles. Congenital Atlanto-occipital fusion (AOF) involves osseous union base occiput (C0) (C1). AOF or occipitalization/assimilation represents a craniovertebral junction malformation (CVJM) which can be accompanied by other cranial spinal malformations. may asymptomatic patients experience ...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate vertebral geometry changes and determine cutoff value of vertebral height to predict fractures. methods: in a cross-sectional study, 280 postmenopausal women recruited .in all subjects bone mineral density and radiog raphy of the lumbar spine performed. lateral radiographs were evaluated for identification of vertebral fractures, using a vali...

BACKGROUND Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a rare malformation of the posterior cranial fossa, characterized by fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, medial cerebellar peduncles and dentate nuclei. Over the period of 7 years 8 cases of this anomaly have been diagnosed in two pediatric centers in Warsaw including one on the prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIAL/METHODS Material c...

This review addresses the concept of genetic load from point view molecular genetics, development and efforts in selective breeding. As typical examples, assessment animals Holstein breed its high-blooded crossbreeds is considered for mutations that cause three inherited diseases: bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CD18 locus), complex vertebral malformation (SLC35A3 brachyspina (FANCI locus...

Malformations of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare presentations, exceptional in children, and are usually asymptomatic.They are caused by disturbances in the embryological formation of the venous system or can develop as a result of perinatal venous thrombosis with secondary impairment of the venous development. We report the case of a 14 year old boy,admitted for pediatric evaluation befo...

Cervical spine anomalies can coexist with of the head and neck. The association cervical vertebrae (CVA) cleft lip palate (CLP) has been described as probably result a failure in normal embryological segmentation. most frequent congenital alterations CLP-related are vertebral fusion (VF) deficiency posterior arch (PAD). We report case an acute, non-traumatic onset paraparesis 14 years old girl ...

background and objective: cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cavm) hemodynamic is disease condition, results changes in the flow and pressure level in cerebral blood vessels. measuring flow and pressure without catheter intervention along the vessel is big challenge due to vessel bifurcations/complex bifurcations in arteriovenous malformation patients. the vessel geometry in cavm patients are...