this paper proposes a hybrid method to find cumulative distribution function (cdf) of completion time of gert-type networks (gtn) which have no loop and have only exclusive-or nodes. proposed method is cre-ated by combining an analytical transformation with gaussian quadrature formula. also the combined crude monte carlo simulation and combined conditional monte carlo simulation are developed a...

This brief essay on the methods, objectives, achievements, and future promise of the discipline known as comparative physiology focuses on three principle issues. First, how is this discipline defined in terms of its approaches and goals? What does the adjective comparative denote, and what makes the comparative approach unique? Second, what are illustrative examples of the successes of the com...

As social structures, organizations are inherently multilevel, and levels issues pervade organizational analysis. The comparative study of organizations therefore implies comparisons across both units and levels of analysis. Yet, the field of comparative study has mostly developed independently from theories focusing on understanding organizational phenomena at multiple levels (e.g., Rousseau, ...

RNA secondary structure prediction is one of the major topics in bioinformatics. A prediction method based on a parsing algorithm for formal grammars is a promising approach. Also, it is expected that comparative sequence analysis achieves higher accuracy than the one using a single sequence since the former approach can use evolutionary information that homologous RNAs are likely to conserve a...

We perform a comparative analysis using three reduced-order strategies – Missing Point Estimation (MPE) method, Gappy POD method, and Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM) – applied to a biological model describing the spatio-temporal dynamics of a predatorprey community. The comparative study is focused on the efficiency of the reduced-order approximations and the complexity reduction...

Gravity equations have been widely used to infer trade  ow effects of various institutional arrangements. We show that estimated gravity equations do not have a theoretical foundation. This implies both that estimation suffers from omitted variables bias and that comparative statics analysis is unfounded. We develop a method that (i) consistently and efŽ ciently estimates a theoretical gravity...