Delineation of commuting regions has always been based on statistical units, often municipalities or wards. However, using these units has certain disadvantages as their land areas differ considerably. Much information is lost in the larger spatial base units and distortions in self-containment values, the main criterion in rule-based delineation procedures, occur. Alternatively, one can start ...

BACKGROUND Most public transit users walk to and from transit. We analyzed the relationship between transit commuting and objectively measured physical activity. METHODS Adults aged 20 to 65 working outside the home (n = 1237) were randomly selected from neighborhoods in Seattle and Baltimore regions. Neighborhoods had high or low median income and high or low mean walkability. Mean daily min...

Due to accident severity and the extent of claim payments commuting accidents are a significant expense factor in the German industry. Therefore the aim of the present study was the identification of risk factors for commuting accidents in a German chemical company. A retrospective analysis of commuting accidents recorded between 1990 and 2003 was conducted in a major chemical company in German...

Past research suggests that mixed land-uses encourage non-auto commuting; however, the evidence remains sketchy. This paper explores this question by investigating how the presence of retail activities in neighborhoods influences the commuting choices of residents using data from the 1985 American Housing Survey. Having grocery stores and other consumer services within 300 feet of one’s residen...

This paper presents a fixed-point model for studying the morning commuting behavior in stochastic and time-dependent transport networks. The model considers the network uncertainty caused by supply and demand variations as well as the commuters’ perception errors on travel disutility. A new performance index called schedule reliability, i.e., the probability that commuters can arrive at destina...

It is proved that the state of maximum entropy having observed values for the n observables, X1, . . . , Xn, is the same state that minimises the matrix of covariances of any n locally unbiased estimators for n parameters for the probability distribution of X1, . . . , Xn. We sketch how to get a similar result in quantum theory, in which X1, . . . , Xn are (not necessarily commuting) quadratic ...

We offer a new proof of the Furstenberg-Katznelson multiple recurrence theorem for several commuting probability-preserving transformations T1, T2, . . . , Td : Z y (X,Σ, μ) ([6]), and so, via the Furstenberg correspondence principle introduced in [5], a new proof of the multi-dimensional Szemerédi Theorem. We bypass the careful manipulation of certain towers of factors of a probability-preserv...

Trace monoids and heaps of pieces appear in various contexts in combinatorics. They also constitute a model used in computer science to describe the executions of asynchronous systems. The design of a natural probabilistic layer on top of the model has been a long standing challenge. The difficulty comes from the presence of commuting pieces and from the absence of a global clock. In this paper...

BACKGROUND: Children's active commuting to school, i.e. walking or cycling to school, was associated with greater moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, although studies among ethnic minorities are sparse. OBJECTIVES: Among a low-income, ethnic minority sample of fourth grade students from eight public schools, we examined (1) correlates of active commuting to school and (2) the relationship b...

This paper studies commuting matrices in max algebra and nonnegative linear algebra. Our starting point is the existence of a common eigenvector, which directly leads to max analogues of some classical results for complex matrices. We also investigate Frobenius normal forms of commuting matrices, particularly when the Perron roots of the components are distinct. For the case of max algebra, we ...