Excerpt] The Manifesto of the Communist Party, published 150 years ago in London in February 1848, is one of the most influential and widely-read documents of the past two centuries. The historian A. J. P. Taylor (1967, p. 7) has called it a "holy book," and contends that because of it, "everyone thinks differently about politics and society." And yet, despite its enormous influence in the 20th...

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Abstract The individual is still rare in working-class history, and, when we find them, they are often, like Bebel and Lula, exceptional. We interested them as leaders of vital mass movements because had an important impact on their societies. But another part the promise biographies these opportunity to approach personal dimensions experience through life. Bringing two together highlights dive...

After the Chinese Communist Party took over mainland China in 1949, Chinese modern architecture underwent a signifi cant change both in practice and education. Before 1949, Chinese modern architecture had been well-characterized as a Western construct. Most architects and architectural educators haad obtained their degrees from the US, France, Britain and Japan. A small group of outstanding arc...

Little is known about intergeneration effects on mental health in the families of survivors of political oppression of communist regime in Central and Eastern Europe. We aimed to explore post-traumatic stress in the second generation of the Lithuanian survivors of political violence, and analyze links between parental and adult offsprings' sense of coherence in the families exposed to political...