Abstract During China’s war with Japan from 1937 to 1945, the Communist-controlled border regions in north China saw an influx of progressive, patriotic youth other parts country, bringing these new arrivals into contact officials and army officers Communist power structure. Marriage was one potential outcome such interactions, but while offering certain advantages it often seen as problematic,...

The invasion of a limited contingent Soviet troops into Afghanistan at the end 1979 caused mixed reaction among Communist parties in Europe. Some them subject actions USSR leadership to sharp criticism. article reveals what extent US administration was aware critical attacks against and CPSU by most powerful Western European determine how factor Eurocommunism influenced Afghan vector policy 197...

It has been shown, for non-Communist developed and developing countries, that earlier development of agriculture, a dense population, and a state-level polity is associated with a higher income and more rapid economic growth in the late 20 Century. We investigate whether this was also the case for countries under Communism and for the same countries in transition to a market economy. Our findin...

Background: ART contracts involving third parties have been created while clinical reproductive treatments are globally widespread. Iran is pioneer in applying these treatments in middle-east due to shii’at jurisprudence prescribing them. This key role in region, has raised Iranian jurists’ responsibility in developing a legal system regarding administration of ART. The most significant part of...

Abstract. Nativism does not only present a concept, but also an ideological framework as well political practice related to identity politics. In the article we firstly theoretical reflection of nativism and operationalise most important terms characteristics this phenomenon. Later, apply concept analysis conservative populist and/or nativist actors in Central European region. The shows how nat...

A central claim of democratic theory is that democracy induces governments to be responsive to the preferences of the people. Political parties organize politics in every modern democracy, and some observers claim that parties are what induce democracies to be responsive. Yet, according to others, parties give voice to extremists and reduce the responsiveness of governments to the citizenry. Th...