High resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be performed simultaneously with optical microscopy techniques, such as fluorescence or differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The combined methodologies provide complementary information about the studied sample which establishes the basis for a better understanding of physiological processes and the function of biomolecules, and ...

At a procedural level, in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp recording is very similar to the in vitro technique (see UNITS 6.6, 6.7, & 6.10), though there are important differences. Unlike the typical in vitro recording situation for mammalian preparations, one cannot utilize Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) optics to visualize neurons or the recording electrode in vivo, nor can the experimen...

BACKGROUND Despite decades of efforts to improve quality of health care, poor performance persists in many aspects of care. Less than 1% of the enormous national investment in medical research is focused on improving health care delivery. Furthermore, when effective innovations in clinical care are discovered, uptake of these innovations is often delayed and incomplete. In this paper, we build ...

BACKGROUND Research suggests that substance abusers make more disadvantageous decisions on the simulated gambling task (SGT); such decisions are associated with deviance proneness and antisocial symptoms. This study examines decision making on the SGT in young adults with alcohol dependence who are treatment-naive (TxN). METHODS A total of 116 subjects (58 controls, 58 TxNs) were tested on th...

When including clinical mastitis in the breeding goal, it is useful to know what measure of the trait is most appropriate and its relationship to the primary production traits and indicator traits in the relevant population. In this paper, genetic and phenotypic parameters for clinical mastitis, somatic cell production deviance, and protein yield were estimated for the dairy breed Danish Red. I...

Risk behaviors such as substance use or deviance are often limited to the early stages of the life course. Whereas the onset of risk behavior is well studied, less is currently known about the decline and timing of cessation of risk behaviors of different domains during young adulthood. Prevalence and longitudinal developmental patterning of alcohol use, drinking to the point of drunkenness, sm...

Deviance is a fundamental social construct because the members of society interpret its meaning and attribute to it. In our research we described causes that determine deviance (juvenile delinquency): internal/individual external / causes. The purpose was make comparison between psychological problems institutionalized adolescents with deviant behaviour those non-institutionalized behaviour.

Migration is a key process for spatially structured populations. We examined how a variety of patch based metrics commonly used to predict the number of immigrants to a habitat patch performed based on data from three different years, in two distinct insect systems. The first system was an herbivorous beetle inhabiting patches of its host plant within a ‘typical’ patch network. In this system t...