escherichia coli (e. coli) is a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans. phylogenetic analysis has shown that e. coli is composed of four main phylogenetic groups (a, b1, b2 and d). group a and b1 are generally associated with commensals, whereas group b2 is associated with extra-intestinal pathotypes. most enteropathogenic isolates, however, are assigne...

1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 2 Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France, 3 Sorbonne University – Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, 4 Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Méd...

The enterococci are low-GC Gram-positive bacteria that have emerged as leading causes of hospital-acquired infection. They are also commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and most other animals with gastrointestinal flora and are important for food fermentations. Here we report the availability of draft genome sequences for 28 enterococcal strains of diverse origin, includin...

The ethiological factor of periodontal diseases is the presence periodontopathogens; in state imbalance with commensals they begin to affect pathologically. With a decrease number periodontopathogens biofilm, it possible restore balance and prevent or their transition stage remission. Nowadays, most informative accessible diagnostic method for determining real-time polymerase chain reaction (PC...

Kingella kingae had rarely been reported as a causative organism for corneal ulcer and had not been described before in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Generally regarded as commensals of respiratory tract particularly in young children, it had however been isolated from the corneal ulcer scraping of both adult and children. We report a case of bacterial ulcer with isolation of Kingella king...

BACKGROUND Kocuria species are gram-positive, non-pathogenic commensals. However, in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients, cancer patients, or patients with chronic medical conditions, they can cause opportunistic infections. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis in a 58-year-old, relatively healthy woman caused by Kocuria rosea...

Recent work suggests that dendritic cells (DCs) in mucosal tissues are "educated" by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to suppress inflammation and promote immunological tolerance. After attack by pathogenic microorganisms, however, "non-educated" DCs are recruited from nearby areas, such as the dome of Peyer's patches (PPs) and the blood, to initiate inflammation and the ensuing immune respon...

Abstract Summary: Accumulating evidence supports the impact of gut microbiota on clinical efficacy cancer immunotherapies against extraintestinal tumors, but it has not yet been addressed whether local commensals could also dictate prognosis patients with cancer. In this issue Cancer Discovery, Tsay and colleagues demonstrate that lower airway may harbor oral turn IL17-mediated inflammatory pat...