background: industrial copper ingest is a common form of poisoning in animals. zinc has an important role in the physiology of spermatozoa, in sperm production and viability. objective: this study was set to investigate whether the adverse effects of long term copper consumption on quality of rat spermatozoa could be prevented by zinc therapy. materials and methods: forty eight mature (6-8 week...

background: stimulatory therapy with gonadotrpins is an effective treatment to induce spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic hypogonadotroptic hypogonadism (ihh). the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin / human menopausal gonadotropin on hypogonadotropic infertile men. materials and methods: this study included fifty-six azoospermic infertile men wi...

Until recently, squamous-cell carcinoma comprised the vast majority of cases of esophageal cancer. However, the incidence of adenocarcinoma in white males has been rapidly increasing by approximately 10% per year for the past 10 years. This percentage increase in frequency exceeds that of all other cancers for that time period.[2,3] The prognosis for patients with either type of tumor histology...

Fifty-six patients with untreated small cell carcinoma of the bronchus were treated with three courses of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and procarbazine and methotrexate) and assessed for response. Thirty-one patients (55.4%) were classified as responders; they were given a course of radiotherapy and were then randomly allocated to continued cyclical chemotherapy or not further c...

Hyperthermia, the procedure of raising the temperature of tumour-loaded tissue to 40-43 degrees C, is applied as an adjunctive therapy with various established cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The potential to control power distributions in vivo has been significantly improved lately by the development of planning systems and other modelling tools. This increased underst...

Combined sewer systems are designed to transport stormwater surface runoff in addition to the dry weather flows up to defined limits. In most European countries, hydraulic loads greater than the design flow of wastewater treatment plants are discharged directly into the receiving water bodies with minimal treatment (screening, sedimentation) or with no treatment at all. One feasible solution to...

w In case4 of ccc&in& catamzt and glaucoma B phaccemulsificadon through a tun-ne.1 incision may be carded out in combination with uabeculectomy in order to achieve a f~tulation under the conjunctive We do such epemtiom since January 1994 and report OUT first lwJlts. Techruauc Fhaccemukif~on was paformed dwough a 6.5 mm tunnel incision. After imolantati~ of the intxaoculs lens a 1 x 1 nun sectio...

Substantial clinical progress over the last decades has improved the first-line treatment and prognosis of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). This success is mainly based on the introduction of combined modality treatment strategies including chemotherapy in all risk groups and important progress in radiation techniques. The knowledge emerging from numerous clinical trials as well as better...

The authors describe surgical treatment for high risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms of complicated morphology for standard endovascular repair. This was achieved by combining endovascular stent-grafting for aneurysmal sac exclusion with conventional vascular surgical procedures.

This paper describes the mechanisms of action of ionizing radiations combined with antineoplastic drugs. Some relevant drugs for the combined modality treatments of locally advanced lung cancer are reported. The meta-analyses including randomized trials comparing single agent (radiotherapy or chemotherapy) versus combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with unresectable non small cel...