Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful tool with many different applications in Molecular Biology and related disciplines. Amplification of the inserts cloned into a vector directly from the bacterial colony is one of them. This technique allows a fast screening of many different clones in order to detect which one of them contains the desired construction. The primers used to direct thi...

Quantitative lytA PCR is often performed using in-house standards. We hypothesised equivalence when measuring a standard suspension of Streptococcus pneumoniae by colony-forming-units (CFU) or genome-copies. Median (IQR) ratio of CFU/genome-copies was 0.19 (0.1-1.2). Genome-copies were less variable than CFU, but the discrepancy between the methods highlights challenges with absolute quantifica...

Genotypic variability among 96 Trichophyton rubrum strains which displayed different colony morphologies and were collected from four continents was investigated. Twelve markers representing 57 loci were analyzed by PCR fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified monomorphic DNA markers. Interestingly, none of the methods used revealed any DNA polymorphism, indi...

The present work was carried out to investigate the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of enterococci isolated from raw ewes’ and cows’ milk. samples were collected eighteen semi-extensive dairy sheep cow farms throughout western Sicily. Plate counts, on Rapid Enterococcus Agar commonly used detect food enterococci, revealed a maximal enterococcal concentration approximately 4.58 Log Colony Forming...

Five Escherichia coli colonies/patient were studied to evaluate the reliability of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli groups, using a pool of five colonies rather than individual colonies. Sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 100%, respectively, at a fifth of the cost of the individual colony analysis.

Methods: A total of 642 clinical isolates were collected consecutively during a 4 month period (September to December 2004). Resistance or reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and/or aztreonam was assessed using double disc synergy tests using clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam to identify putative ESBL-producing isolates. The ESBL determinants were charac...

In each of six gastric cancer patients, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR DNA fingerprints of 18 single colonies of Helicobacter pylori from the gastric antrum, corpus, and cardia were identical and matched that of the parental isolate. In three additional gastric cancer patients, 17 of 18 single-colony DNA fingerprints were identical to each other and to the DNA fingerprint of the correspo...

Supplemental Experimental Procedures Production of virus. Cell culture and human iPS cell induction. Donor blood cells collection and isolation. Immunohistochemistry staining. qRT–PCR. Global gene expression. Bisulfite genomic sequencing. DNA fingerprinting and karyotyping. Embryoid body formation. Hematopoietic colony-forming assays. Assay for teratoma formation. Flow cytometry. Southern Blot ...

Nosema ceranae as a fungal parasite has been reported from the Apis mellifera in all continents. It causes reduced longevity, depopulation, decreased production, and colony losses honeybee colonies. This study aimed to determine prevalence of N.ceranae apiaries Mazandaran province. In this study, we randomly selected 320 hives thirty-two collected twenty old honeybees apiaries. The samples were...