Stabilized wave segments in the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction are directionally controlled with intensity gradients in the applied illumination. The constant-velocity waves behave like self-propelled particles, and multiple waves interact via an applied interaction potential. Alignment arises from the intrinsic properties of the interacting waves, leading to processional and rota...

This paper reviews recent progress in modeling collective behaviors in myxobacteria using lattice gas cellular automata approach (LGCA). Myxobacteria are social bacteria that swarm, glide on surfaces and feed cooperatively. When starved, tens of thousands of cells change their movement pattern from outward spreading to inward concentration; they form aggregates that become fruiting bodies. Cell...

Examples that indicate collective behavior in the fossil record are rare. A group association of specimens that belong to a previously unknown arthropod from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, China, provides evidence that such behavior was present in the early Cambrian (about 525 million years ago), coincident with the earliest extensive diversification of the Metazoa, the so-called Cambrian explosio...

The object of the first part of this course was to introduce the principles of statistical mechanics which provide a bridge between the fundamental laws of microscopic physics, and observed phenomena at macroscopic scales. Microscopic Physics is characterized by large numbers of degrees of freedom; for example, the set of positions and momenta {~ pi, ~qi}, of particles in a gas, configurations ...

The emergence of collective structure from the decentralized interaction of autonomous agents remains, with notable exceptions, a mystery. While powerful tools from dynamics and statistical mechanics have been brought to bear, sometimes with great success, an algorithmic perspective has been lacking. Viewing collective behavior through the lens of natural algorithms offers potential benefits. T...

Disagreement on which theory of collective behavior best predicts or explains how crowd processes work prompted this case study. By closely examining, through participant observation, the unfolding of one episode of nonviolent collective behavior at a professional football game, four frequently applied theories of collective behavior are tested for their utility in sports crowd situations. Each...

Address correspondence to fl [email protected] ABSTRACT We predict a new class of 2-D crystalline “bulk” magnets—the graphene nanohole (GNH) superlattices with each GNH acting like a “super” magnetic atom, using first principles calculations. We show that such superlattices can exhibit long-range magnetic order above room temperature, with a collective magnetic behavior governed by inter-NH spin ...

In recent years the argument has been made that malignant tumors represent complex dynamic and self-organizing biosystems. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that collective cell migration is common during invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. Here, we argue that cancer systems may be capable of developing multicellular collective patterns that resemble evolved adaptive behavior k...

Nanometer sized cavities arranged as a subwavelength metallic grating can provide omni-directional and complete absorption of light. We present an explanation of this extraordinary phenomenon as a collective resonant response of a system based on a surface impedance model. This model gives a straightforward way to design systems for optimum light trapping performance and as well gives fundament...

C ollective social behaviors generate one emergent response from many individual actors without central coordination: bees swarm, birds flock, and fish school. Singlecelled bacteria and amoebae collectively swarm, detecting chemical signals emitted by close neighbors to synchronize their motion. Within organisms, collective behaviors drive multicellular processes during migration and wound heal...