Loess, a collapsible soil, is widely distributed in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau China. In meantime, loess sustainable and green building material that used traditional residential buildings. However, previous studies have focused on properties of itself, ignoring influence climatic conditions buildings, as well series engineering problems such soil spalling caused by freezing thawing, cold cracks...

Collapsible loess is generally characterized by a sudden and substantial decrease in volume that occurs when applied under constant stress. To evaluate the collapse potential, self-weight coefficients have been defined code for building construction collapsible regions. However, method does not account vertical stress variation. The process commonly with variation practice. This paper documents...

We analyze the relationship between three ways of generating trees using collapsible pushdown systems (CPS’s): using deterministic CPS’s, nondeterministic CPS’s, and deterministic wordaccepting CPS’s. We prove that (for each level of the CPS and each input alphabet) the three classes of trees are equal. The nontrivial translations increase n− 1 times exponentially the size of the level-n CPS. T...

The effects of wall inertia on instabilities in a collapsible channel with a long finite-length flexible wall containing a high Reynolds number flow of incompressible fluid are studied. Using the ideas of interactive boundary layer theory, the system is described by a one-dimensional model that couples inviscid flow outside the boundary layers formed on the channel walls with the deformation of...

Let M be an n-vertex combinatorial triangulation of a Z2-homology d-sphere. In this paper we prove that if n ≤ d+ 8 then M must be a combinatorial sphere. Further, if n = d+ 9 and M is not a combinatorial sphere then M can not admit any proper bistellar move. Existence of a 12-vertex triangulation of the lens space L(3, 1) shows that the first result is sharp in dimension three. In the course o...

Motivated by the problem of self-excited oscillations in fluid-filled collapsible tubes, we examine the flow structure and energy budget of flow through an elastic-walled tube. Specifically, we consider the case in which a background axial flow is perturbed by prescribed small-amplitude high-frequency long-wavelength oscillations of the tube wall, with a slowly growing or decaying amplitude. We...

The design objective is to come up with a mower that is portable, durable, easy to operate and maintain. It also aims to design a selfpowered mower of electrical source; a cordless electric lawn mower. The heart of the machine is a battery-powered dc electric motor. It comprises of a system of speed multiplication pulleys which drive the cutting blades and the charging unit comprising of a 12V ...

The informational odds ratio (IOR) measures the post-exposure odds divided by the pre-exposure odds (i.e., information gained after knowing exposure status). A desirable property of an adjusted ratio estimate is collapsibility, wherein the combined crude ratio will not change after adjusting for a variable that is not a confounder. Adjusted traditional odds ratios (TORs) are not collapsible. In...

Liquid flowing through a thin-walled "collapsible" tube similar to a vein, inclined to any angle between vertical and slightly above horizontal, differs from the flow in rigid tubes in that: a "collapsible" tube accepts any flow presented to it without affecting the rate of flow through the system; the lateral pressure at all cross sections throughout the tube is zero and does not change as the...