globally, there have been considerable debates on the ethical conduct and review of collaborative international researches. one of the great challenges is to conduct clinical trials in developing countries as externally-sponsored researches (esr). this descriptive survey has reviewed the status of this type of researches in iran during 2002 to 2003. this study was carried out in 44 universities...

abstractthe present study attempted to investigate the impact of cooperation versus collaboration on college students` reading ability. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 90 participants were chosen from among 140 by means of administering the nelson proficiency test. they were divided into three groups: cooperative group, collaborative group, and control group. a fifty-item multiple-choice r...

land-use spatial allocation is a multi-objective collaborative spatial optimization methodfor rational use of the land use. based on global search capabilities and the information feedbackmechanism of ant colony optimization (aco), a land-use spatial allocation model (aco-la) isproposed. firstlyfirst, a construction graph is built for modeling the land-use spatial allocationproblem. secondlysec...

Abstract Ant Colony Optimization easily falls into premature stagnation when solving large-scale Travelling Salesmen Problems. To address this problem, a multi-colony ant optimization with dynamic collaborative mechanism and cooperative game is proposed. Firstly, System Max–Min form heterogeneous colonies. Secondly, to diversify the solutions of algorithm, Shapley value in applied share informa...

With the rapid development of civil aviation transportation, an increasing number airport groups are formed. However, existing literature on fairness mostly focuses among airlines. There is no research realization scheduling airports with overlapping resources in group. The goal this paper to comprehensively consider efficiency and slot scheduling, where should include both interairline interai...

Recent research has produced stochastic optimization models for adjusting traffic flows in response to predicted congestion in the enroute airspace. These models simultaneously consider a set of options for each flight that includes both the possibility of ground delay and reroutes. They take into account a distribution of possible weather scenarios and their outputs include alternate courses o...