A precise prediction of the rolling force is critical to ensure quality final product, especially in cold thin strips. Based on this, a new mathematical model developed work out when considering roll crossing angle and shifting values at speed ratios 1.1, 1.2 1.3. An iterative method was used indicate contact area shape, from which automatically calculated using Matlab™ code for cases cross ang...

While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...