The Malaysian Food Regulations 1985 [1] states that coffee mixtures must contain not less than 50 percent coffee. Caffeine content of a coffee mixture is usually used to indicate its coffee level. In this study, coffee content of coffee mixtures was determined based on caffeine concentrations using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Caffeine recoveries from spiked standard coffee mi...

in bone density. 6) Therefore, to reduce risk of osteoporosis, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, as well as moderate coffee consumption (up to 3 cups/d) is advised particularly in older adults. Michaelsson K. Long-term coffee consumption in relation to fracture risk and bone mineral density in women. Am J Coffee may be the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Coffee contains many co...

AIMS To investigate the genetic and environmental influences on tea consumption and their commonalities with coffee consumption; and to further examine the genetic and environmental aetiology of preference for tea/coffee. DESIGN A classical twin design was used in which the similarity of identical and non-identical twins is compared, enabling estimates of genetic, common environmental and uni...

Different studies have shown that milk may interact with polyphenols and affect their bioavailability in humans. The present study investigated the effect of the simultaneous consumption of coffee and milk on the urinary excretion of chlorogenic acids (CGA) and metabolites. Subjects were submitted to consumption of water, instant coffee (609 mmol of CGA) dissolved in water, and instant coffee d...

Coffee is a popular beverage in society. Acrylamide is an undesirable substance that will metabolically activated to carcinogens.Acrylamide formation is found to occur during the browning process, which is called Maillard reaction. This is the reaction between sugars and asparagines at temperature above 120°C. The roasting temperature of coffee is at least 200°C, meaning that coffee surely cont...

Caffeine is by far the most commonly used psychoactive substance. Caffeine is consumed regularly as an ingredient of coffee. Coffee consumption and coffee preference was explored in a sample of 4,495 twins (including 1,231 pairs) registered with the Netherlands Twin Registry. Twin resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlations and the influence of both genetic and environmental factors wa...

BACKGROUND The association between consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and risk of mortality remains inconclusive. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the associations of consumption of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee with risk of subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 74,890 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), 93,054 women in the Nurses' Health Stud...

1. Ants are important predators in agricultural systems, and have complex and often strong effects on lower trophic levels. Agricultural intensification reduces habitat complexity, food web diversity and structure, and affects predator communities. Theory predicts that strong top-down cascades are less likely to occur as habitat and food web complexity decrease. 2. To examine relationships betw...

coffee shops have always played a key role and have affected the shaping and stability of important parts of social cultures and traditions as well as public rituals. although this effectiveness during different periods has been associated with distinct ups and downs, a number of traditional religious and other kinds of shows such as minstrelsy, eloquence, curtain narration and tornabazi have b...

Introduction Intensify, innovate, and specialize—this was the essential message for governments and donors looking to address the devastations of the coffee crisis in Central America and other coffee-producing regions. Between 1999 and 2005, prices paid for green coffee did not allow producers in Central America to cover their variable costs of production (IADB 2002). Most smallholders reduced ...