Spin tunnel junctions fabricated with one interposed Fe–FeOx layer between the Al2O3 barrier and the top CoFe pinned electrode show large tunneling magnetoresistance ~TMR! ~40%! for anneals up to 380 °C. The annealing temperature TTMR * , where maximum TMR occurs, increases with the inserted Fe–FeOx layer thickness. For samples with thicker inserted layer, the pinned layer moment ~which usually...

Spin-dependent tunnel junctions with the structure (Ta 70 Å/NiFe 70 Å/MnIr 80 Å/CoFe 35 Å/HfAlO /CoFe 35 Å/NiFe 40 Å/TiW(N) 150 Å) were fabricated on top of 600-Å-thick ion-beam-smoothed low-resistance Al electrodes. HfAlO barriers were formed by natural oxidation (5 min at 1 torr in pure O2) of 5-Å-thick (2-Å Hf + 3-Å Al) films or 6-Å-thick (2-Å Hf + 4-Å Al) films. Resistance area (R A) produc...

A series of cerium-doped CoFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH) materials were synthesized using a co-precipitation method, and they utilized for oxygen evolution reaction. Among all the materials, CoFeCe2 having the...

To the Editor: A recent article in PNAS by Asikainen and Werle (1) reports on the occurrence and morphology of ferromanganese nodules found in a New Hampshire lake. The authors offer data on the shapes, banding, composition, and distribution of the nodules and crusts. They also state that my paper (2) claims that the morphology of such nodules is controlled by elemental concentrations and that ...

babbitt is a white silvery alloy that composed of tin, lead, copper and antimony. this alloy is the most current bearing alloy in industrial applications. the characteristics of this alloy, such as high wearing resistance and low coefficient of friction, have converted it into a bearing cover. the target of this study is investigation on the effects of alloy elements on wearing and micro-struct...

We report an experimental study of the bimagnetic nanocomposites CoFe 2 /CoFe O 4 . The precursor material, was prepared using conventional stoichiometric combustion method. nano-structured material obtained by total oxygen reduction a thermal treatment at 350 °C in H atmospheres following partial oxidation 380 during 120; 30; 15, 10, and 5 min. X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy transmi...

The temperature dependence of current-induced magnetization switching of ferrimagnetic CoGd free layers in spin valves is explored. At temperatures well above and well below the magnetization compensation temperature (T(MC)) of CoGd, a current flowing from the free layer to the CoFe fixed layer aligns the moments of the two layers parallel, and a current flowing in the opposite direction aligns...

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