The conversion of thermally pretreated CaO along successive carbonation/calcination cycles has been investigated, as a ected by looping-calcination conditions, by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Sorbent samples have been subjected in-situ to a thermal preheating program based on Constant Rate Thermal Analysis (CRTA) by virtue of which decarbonation is carried out at a low controlled ...

Particle-byparticle scanning electron microscopy (PBPSEM) and scanning electron microscopy point count (SEMPC) are being developed and applied for characterizing the inorganic phases in coal and coal combustion products. PBPSEM sizes, identifies, and quantifies coal mineral constituents and the degree of mineral-coal association. SEMPC determines the chemical composition and abundance of inorga...

Effects of the recycle solvent hydrotreatment on oil yield of direct coal liquefaction were carried out in the 0.18 t/day direct coal liquefaction bench support unit of National Engineering Laboratory for Direct Coal Liquefaction (China). Results showed that the hydrogen-donating ability of the hydrogenated recycle solvent improved and the hydrogen consumption of solvent hydrotreatment was incr...

The discovery of the catalytic synthesis of ammonia must rank as one of the important discoveries by mankind. In addition to providing the fertilizer needed to feed an expanding population, Fritz Haber’s recognition of recycle processing combined with the developing German technology to handle high pressures of hydrogen, led a major revolution in the chemical industry. In rapid succession, the ...

Coal with low ash content has an important role in the coal and steel industry. There are different methods to measure the ash content. The conventional method which is used in most coal mines of Iran, is to burn the coal and measure the remaining ash. A new method has been recently developed at Nuclear Research Center (NRC) of Iran, Which works on the basis of the absorption of the dual en...

The looping of DNA provides a means of communication between sequentially distant genomic sites that operate in tandem to express, copy, and repair the information encoded in the DNA base sequence. The short loops implicated in the expression of bacterial genes suggest that molecular factors other than the naturally stiff double helix are involved in bringing the interacting sites into close sp...

China is the biggest country of coal production and coal consumption in the world (IEA). In 1998, China produced 1250 Mt of raw coal, accounting for 27.5% of total coal production in the world, and holding 71.9% of primary energy in China (SSB). Coal provides 77% of the energy for power generation, 65% of chemical raw material, and more than 50% of commercial civilian energy. The coal industry ...