Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolite in carbon and energy metabolism. Because of its amphiphilic nature and bulkiness, acetyl-CoA cannot readily traverse biological membranes. In fungi, two systems for acetyl unit transport have been identified: a shuttle dependent on the carrier carnitine and a (peroxisomal) citrate synthase-dependent pathway. In the carnitine-dependent pathw...

3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase catalyses the initial condensation reaction during fatty acid elongation using malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA as substrates. Previously, it was reported that several genes encoding putative cotton 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases were significantly up-regulated during early cotton fibre development. In this study, GhCER6 cDNA that contains an open reading frame of 1479 bp, ...

Chalcone synthase [naringenin-chalcone synthase; malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclizing), E.C. 2.3.1.74], the key enzyme of flavonoid pathways that was believed to be soluble, has been localized on ribosome-bearing endoplasmic reticulum membranes in the epidermis of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) hypocotyls. Enzyme activity measurement and immunoblots of buckwheat hypoco...

A method for the fractionation of sheep rumen epithelium with limited mitochondrial breakage is described. The distributions of the enzymes of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA pathway of ketogenesis indicate that this process is exclusively mitochondrial. Enzyme activities are sufficient to account for the ketogenic rates found in vivo. The failure of (-)-hydroxycitrate to block ketogenic flu...

Abbreviations: acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC); acetyl-CoA synthetase (AceCS); carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I); chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA); cholesterol 7 hydroxylase (CYP7A1); cholic acid (CA); farnesoid X receptor (FXR); fatty acid synthase (FAS); LDL receptor (LDL-R); INT-747, 6ethyl-CDCA; liver X receptor (LXR; long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD); malic enzyme (ME); medium-chain...

An NADH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (EC1.1.1.36) from the Gram negative spirochete Treponema denticola was identified, expressed and biochemically characterized. The recombinant protein is a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 44 kDa with a specific activity of 43+/-4.8 U/mg (micromol mg(-1)min(-1)) and K(m) value of 2.7 microM for crotonoyl-CoA. This NADH-dependent trans-2-enoy...