The vertical profiling of CO2 turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is investigated using a coherent differential absorption lidar (CDIAL) operated nearby a tall tower in Wisconsin during June 2007. A CDIAL can perform simultaneous range-resolved CO2 DIAL and velocity measurements. The lidar eddy covariance technique is presented. The aims of the study are (i) an assessment o...

Recent studies of soil carbon cycle in arid and semi-arid ecosystems demonstrated that there exists an abiotic CO2 absorption by saline-alkali soils (Aa) at desert ecosystems and suggested potential contributions of CO2 dissolution beneath deserts to the terrestrial ecosystems carbon balance. However, the overall importance of such soil CO2 uptake is still undetermined and its implications to t...

Choline chloride + levulinic acid deep eutectic solvent is studied as a suitable material for CO2 capturing purposes. The most relevant physicochemical properties of this solvent are reported together with the CO2 solubility as a function of temperature. The corrosivity of this solvent is studied showing better performance than amine-based solvents. A theoretical study using both density functi...

Principle of 13C-octanoic Acid Breath Test The rationale of 13C-octanoic acid breath test (13C-OBT) to measure gastric emptying of solids is based on (1) the firm retention of 13C-octanoic acid in the solid phase of a standard test meal during its passage through the gastric environment, followed by (2) a rapid disintegration of the solid phase in the duodenum with (3) subsequent absorption of ...

Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is widely accepted as the most promising remote sensing means to map the global CO2 concentrations. Nevertheless, diurnal variations and vertical distributions of atmospheric CO2 cannot be obtained by satellite-borne and airborne measurements. Ground-based DIAL systems are developed to fill this gap as well as serve as validations for satellite-borne measure...

The propagation of electromagnetic radiation is affected by three major phenomena: absorption, scattering, and turbulence. Absorption by molecular water vapor is the dominant mechanism of tropospheric attenuation at millimeter and infrared wavelengths, especially in the marine environment. Therefore, the understanding and accurate modeling of absorption by this molecule are important to atmosph...

The lithium silicates have attracted scientific interest due to their potential use as high-temperature sorbents for CO2 capture. The electronic properties and thermodynamic stabilities of lithium silicates with different Li2O/SiO2 ratios (Li2O, Li8SiO6, Li4SiO4, Li6Si2O7, Li2SiO3, Li2Si2O5, Li2Si3O7, and α-SiO2) have been investigated by combining first-principles density functional theory wit...

Sensing atmospheric gas traces is crucial for climate monitoring and to predict the importance of global climate changes. Among the various atmospheric constituents, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and water vapor (H2O-v), the most prominent greenhouse gasses, have a major impact on climate. Advanced monitoring techniques are necessary to measure these gas species on a global scale all arou...