Communications networks, particularly Internet, allow starting new businesses, to improve the current ones, and to offer an easiest access to new markets. Nowadays, Internet connects millions of terminals in the world, and it is a goal that this connection could be done with anyone, at any moment, and anywhere. In order to achieve this target, new lax and varied access requirements are needed. ...

In the field of personal mobile communications, it has been suggested that SCTP could provide a solution to the problems encountered by the currently implemented TCP/Mobile IP scheme. By exploiting SCTP’s multihoming feature to connect to several separate wireless networks concurrently, allows a Mobile Node to choose which wireless path suits the particular needs of the user application it is r...

AIM The study examined the response rate, response duration and toxicity of maintenance treatment (CMT) and non-maintenance treatment with capecitabine (non-CMT) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Between September 2009 and July 2013, a group of 82 patients with MBC, who had progressed after anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy, was treated with a capecitabine-based chemothe...

INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease represents a broad group of inherited motor and sensory neuropathies which can originate from various genetic aberrations, e.g. mutations, deletions and duplications. SOURCES OF DATA We performed a literature review on murine animal models of CMT disease with regard to experimental therapeutic approaches. Hereby, we focussed on the ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of topical Nepafenac (0.1%), administered post-operatively in prevention of Macular Edema (ME), after cataract surgery in patients with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). METHODS This randomized control trial was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi from Sep 2015 to Sep 2016. Sixty eyes of 60 patients with NPDR...

As a connection oriented transport layer protocol the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) inherits many of the features of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) including the mechanism by which Retransmission Timeout (RTO) is calculated. Previous investigations have established that the mechanism through which SCTP calculates RTO is inappropriate in Wireless LAN (WLAN) environments. T...

This paper presents history based broker handover scheme for SCTP (stream control transmission protocol) in order to minimize the handover latency by the ping pong behavior of mobile node. SCTP is alternate protocol to TCP in the transport layer. It has multi-homing feature which provides the mobile node with dual interfaces to minimize the packet loss during handover in the overlapped region. ...

Dominant mutations in five tRNA synthetases cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy, suggesting that altered aminoacylation function underlies the disease. However, previous studies showed that loss of aminoacylation activity is not required to cause CMT. Here we present a Drosophila model for CMT with mutations in glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS). Expression of three CMT-mutant GARS proteins i...

The currently rather heterogeneous wireless landscape makes handover between different network technologies, so-called vertical handover, a key to a continued success for wireless Internet access. Recently, an extension to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) – the Dynamic Address Reconfiguration (DAR) extension – was standardized by IETF. This extension enables the use of SCTP for v...

IIn this paper, we have successfully implemented a seamless handoff between heterogeneous networks to achieve a fast voice/video over IP (V oIP ) with Partially Reliable Stream Control Transport Protocol (PR-SCTP) instead of TCP or UDP. In order to improve real-time video/voice streaming over IP, the conventional framework IHU has been remodeled as a new framework called SCTP-IHU that can simul...