A technique for estimating surface albedo feedback (SAF) from standard monthly mean climate model diagnostics is applied to the 1% yr 1 carbon dioxide (CO2)-increase transient climate change integrations of 12 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fourth assessment report (AR4) climate models. Over the 80-yr runs, the models produce a mean SAF at the surface of 0.3 W m 2 K 1 with a s...

This paper studies a Fuzzy Logic Control Based (FLCB) Shunt Active Filter (SAF) capable of reducing the total harmonics distortion (THD) in Power System (PS). SAF is one of the key controllers in Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) to control the transmission line voltage and can be used in PS to enhance the power transmission capacity and extend the transient stability. In...

INTRODUCTION C-shaped canals are anatomic features that present the clinician with both diagnostic and operational challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the Self-Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent, Ra'anana, Israel) in shaping C-shaped canals with that of the rotary ProTaper file system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). METHODS Sixteen mandibular second molars...

Dichloroacetamide safeners such as N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide and (R,S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine protect maize (Zea mays) against injury from thiocarbamate and chloroacetanilide herbicides. Binding activity of tritium-labeled (R,S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (15 Ci/mmol; referred to as [3H]Saf) was characterized in extracts of etiolated maize...

The strength of snow-albedo feedback (SAF) in transient climate change simulations of the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is generally determined by the surfacealbedo decrease associated with a loss of snow cover rather than the reduction in snow albedo due to snow metamorphosis in a warming climate. The large intermodel spread in SAF strength is likewise attr...

Bu çalışmada, siyah karbon kullanılarak iyileştirilen bir yol taban zemininin rijit kaplama kalınlığı ve maliyetine etkileri araştırılmıştır. maksatla, ilk olarak saf zemin elek analizi, hidrometre, kıvam limitleri piknometre deneylerine tabi tutularak mühendislik özellikleri tespit edilmiştir. Akabinde, zemine ağırlıkça beş farklı oranda (%2,5, 5, 10, 15 20) katılarak stabilize karışım numunel...

Since 2005, the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility (LSA SAF) operationally retrieves Land Surface Temperature (LST) for the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). The high temporal resolution of the Meteosat satellites and their long term availability since 1977 make their data highly valuable for climate studies. In o...