Regional climate models (RCMs) are the state-of-the-art tools employed for downscaling of information from the coarse resolution global circulation models on a local scale. Due to RCMs’ increasing popularity for regional climate change studies, their validation is becoming more important. Two present climate simulations performed with the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate/CZ within a framew...

Fair Trade coffee sales have grown exponentially over the past fifteen years amidst a volatile and shaky coffee commodity market. This paper incorporates the prior research that global climate change will lead to more climate shocks with research on the coffee market’s volatility and farmer welfare. In accordance with prior research on commodity volatility, I develop an OLS estimator of the vol...

Global food security is threatened by crop diseases that account for average yield losses of 16%. Climate change is exacerbating threats to food security in much of the world, emphasising the need to increase food production in northern European countries such as the UK. However, to mitigate climate change, crops must be grown so as to minimise greenhouse gas emissions (GHG); results with UK oi...

In order to better control and prevent the infectious diseases, measures of vulnerability and risk to increased infectious disease outbreaks have been explored. Research investigating possible links between variations in climate and transmission of infectious diseases has led to a variety of predictive models for estimating the future impact of infectious disease under projected climate change....

We consider the impact of climate change on the wind energy resource of Ireland using an ensemble of Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations. The RCM dynamically downscales the coarse information provided by the Global Climate Models (GCMs) and provides high resolution information, on a subdomain covering Ireland. The RCM used in this work is the Rossby Center’s RCM (RCA3). The RCA3 model is e...

Climate change is the main phenomenon that directly affects the world environment, and changes in the environment affect economic sectors differently. The most important impacts of climate change would be on enhancing the average global temperature and the decrease in precipitation. The agricultural sector is the first and most affected sector in the climate change. We examined the impact of te...

Reducing climate drift in coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) usually requires 1000–2000 years of spinup, which has not been practical for every modeling group to do. For the purpose of evaluating the impact of climate drift, the authors have performed amultimillennium-long control run of theGoddard Institute for Space Studiesmodel (GISS-EH)AOGCMand produced different t...

the upper level pressure patterns control the climate of the surface. the identification of these patterns in the regional scale is useful for the study of the surface climate elements and their forecasting. in order to understand the pressure centers controlling the climate of iran during the cold period of the year, the daily 500 hpa. geopotential height of the grid points of 2.5 degrees dist...

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most common plant pathogenic fungi that affects a wide range of greenhouse horticultural products and decreases their market value. B. cinerea can strongly decrease yield and post-harvest quality through latent infections. It is a highly water dependent fungus and a certain leaf wetness duration seems necessary for spore germination. However, during germination be...