MOTIVATION Transcriptional profiling using microarrays can reveal important information about cellular and tissue expression phenotypes, but these measurements are costly and time consuming. Additionally, tissue sample availability poses further constraints on the number of arrays that can be analyzed in connection with a particular disease or state of interest. It is therefore important to pro...

OBJECTIVE There is increasing evidence for weight-based discrimination against persons with obesity. This study aimed to examine the physiological impact of perceived weight discrimination on cortisol in hair, an indicator of chronic stress exposure. METHODS Data were from 563 nonsmoking individuals with obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ) participating in the English Longitudinal Study...

We consider a special form of state discrimination in which after the measurement we are given additional information that may help us identify the state. This task plays a central role in the analysis of quantum cryptographic protocols in the noisy-storage model, where the identity of the state corresponds to a certain bit string, and the additional information is typically a choice of encodin...

The frequency to which an organism is exposed to a particular type of face influences recognition performance. For example, Asians are better in individuating Asian than Caucasian faces, known as the own-race advantage. Similarly, humans in general are better in individuating human than monkey faces, known as the own-species advantage. It is an open question whether the underlying mechanisms ca...

Several methods of measuring the class separability in a feature space used to model speech sounds are described. A simple one-dimensional feature space is considered first where class discrimination is measured using the F-ratio. Using a conventional feature set comprising static, velocity and acceleration MFCCs a ranking of the discriminative ability of each coefficient is made for both a dig...

We demonstrate the use of a variant of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for discrimination problems in astronomy. This variant of PCA is shown to provide the best linear discrimination between data classes. As a test case, we present the problem of discrimination between K giant and K dwarf stars from intermediate resolution spectra near the Mg ‘b’ feature. The discrimination procedure is tra...

A unifying feature of mammalian and insect olfactory systems is that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing the same unique odorant-receptor gene converge onto the same glomeruli in the brain [1-7]. Most odorants activate a combination of receptors and thus distinct patterns of glomeruli, forming a proposed combinatorial spatial code that could support discrimination between a large number...

Saccade curvature represents a sensitive measure of oculomotor inhibition with saccades curving away from covertly attended locations. Here we investigated whether and how saccade curvature depends on movement preparation time when a perceptual task is performed during or before saccade preparation. Participants performed a dual-task including a visual discrimination task at a cued location and...

We examined the effects of emotional stimuli on right and left hemisphere detection performance in a hemifield visual discrimination task. A group of 18 healthy subjects were asked to discriminate between upright and inverted triangles (target). Targets were randomly presented in the left or right visual hemifield (150 ms target duration). A brief emotional picture (pleasant or unpleasant; 150 ...

Previous evidence that repetition of an item in a list enhances that item's recency relative to other items has been interpreted as favoring a memory strength theory of recency discrimination. However, serious doubt has been cast upon the validity of the strength theory by experiments such as that of Hintzman and Block, which instead favor a multitrace representation for repetitions of an item....