Bumetanide-sensitive (BS) unidirectional fluxes of (36)Cl- or (22)Na+ were measured in internally dialyzed squid giant axons while varying the intra- or extracellular concentrations of Na+ and/or Cl-. Raising either [Cl-]i or [Na+]i resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of the BS influx of both (36)Cl- and (22)Na+. Raising [Cl-]i above 200 mM completely blocked BS influxes. However, r...

This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors. SKB may draw modified conclusions, based on additional literature sources and/or expert opinions. Abstract Chlorine-36 (36 Cl), a radioisotope of chlorine (Cl) with a half-life of 301,000 years, is present in some types of nuclear waste and is disposed in re...

The electron capture dynamics of halocarbon and its water complex have been investigated by means of the full dimensional direct density functional theory molecular dynamics method in order to shed light on the mechanism of electron capture of a halocarbon adsorbed on the ice surface. The CF(2)Cl(2) molecule and a cyclic water trimer (H(2)O)(3) were used as halocarbon and water cluster, respect...

This review briefly discusses the main approaches for monitoring chloride (Cl(-)), the most abundant physiological anion. Noninvasive monitoring of intracellular Cl(-) ([Cl(-)]i) is a challenging task owing to two main difficulties: (i) the low transmembrane ratio for Cl(-), approximately 10:1; and (ii) the small driving force for Cl(-), as the Cl(-) reversal potential (E(Cl)) is usually close ...

The photodissociation dynamics of allyl chloride at 235 nm producing atomic Cl((2)P(J);J=1/2,3/2) fragments is investigated using a two-dimensional photofragment velocity ion imaging technique. Detection of the Cl((2)P(1/2)) and Cl((2)P(3/2)) products by [2+1] resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization shows that primary C-Cl bond fission of allyl chloride generates 66.8% Cl((2)P(3/2)) and 33.2%...

Cl- is essential for the vasoconstrictive response to angiotensin II (ANG II). In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), we determined whether ANG II-induced transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is Cl- dependent. After incubating the cells at different extracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]e) for 40 min, the ANG II-induced Ca2+ transients at 120 meq/l Cl- were more tha...

The kinetic isotope effects in the reactions of CH3Cl, CH3Cl and CD3Cl with OH radicals and Cl atoms were studied in relative rate experiments at 298±2 K and 1013±10 mbar. The reactions were carried out in a smog chamber using long path FTIR detection and the spectroscopic data analyzed employing a non-linear least squares spectral fitting method using measured highresolution infrared spectra a...