The planning of large infrastructure facilities such as inner-city subway tracks requires the consideration of widely differing scales, ranging from the kilometer scale for the general routing of the track down to the centimeter scale for detailed design of connection points. On the one hand this implies the utilization of both, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well as Building Informati...

The rapid technological evolution, which is characterizing all the disciplines involved within the wide concept of smart cities, becomes a key factor to trigger true user-driven innovation. In this context 3D city models will play an increasingly important role in our daily lives and become an essential part of the modern city information infrastructure (Spatial Data Infrastructure). The goal o...

Over the last few years, to increase the competitiveness of domestic construction industries, the governments of US, UK, Japan, and other developed countries have introduced Building Information Modeling (BIM) as part of their support policy; as a result, BIM information is increasing rapidly. In this regard, the need for studies on integrating or mapping BIM object information to Geographic In...