Smart cities are emerging fast and they introduce new practices and services which highly impact policy making and planning, while they co-exist with urban facilities. It is now needed to understand the smart city’s contribution in the overall urban planning and vice versa, to recognize urban planning offerings to a smart city context. This chapter highlights and measures smart city and urban p...

During the last decade, many European digital cities applied ICT to improve the local public sphere, reinforce local democracy, support local communities and increase social participation. Different policies of a variety of stakeholders led to a wide variation of designs and functionality, content, main actors, aims and philosophy, organization, and use and users. To build a useful and sustaina...

To provide effective support for education and training of U-City manpower, it is necessary to analyze its demand and develop the appropriate education course. Development of education courses requires reviewing the cases of other industries, understanding the demands of each educatees, developing the education courses in detail, and making the standard teaching materials. Therefore, this study...

Spreading segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show negative bull's-eye anomalies in the mantle Bouguer gravity field. Seismic refraction results from 33 degrees S indicate that these anomalies can be accounted for by variations in crustal thickness along a segment. The crust is thicker in the center and thinner at the end of the spreading segment, and these changes are attributable to variations...

Some automated bullet identification systems calculate a correlation score between two land impressions to measure their similarity. When extracting a compressed profile from the land impression of a fired bullet, inclusion of areas that do not contain valid individual striation information may lead to sub-optimal extraction and therefore may deteriorate the correlation result. In this paper, a...

STANDARDS There is insufficient evidence to support treatment standards. GUIDELINES There is insufficient evidence to support treatment guidelines. OPTIONS Treatment of atlas-axis combination fractures based primarily on the specific characteristics of the axis fracture is recommended. External immobilization of most C1--C2 combination fractures is recommended. C1--Type II odontoid combinat...