artemisia annua is still the only commercial source of artemisinin. to date, a number of biochemical and molecular studies about artemisinin’s biosynthetic pathway have been carried out. in metabolic engineering approach, isolation and characterization of promoters leads to an understanding of which cis-acting elements are responsible for the regulation of gene expression. dbr2 is a key enzyme ...

essential oils (eos) extracted from aerial parts of aster indamellus grierson, calamintha umbrosa benth. and erigeron annuus (l.) pres.were analyzed by gc, gc/ms. the major acetylenic constituent (cis-lachnophyllum ester) of e. annuus was isolated and characterized by 1h and 13c-nmr spectra. their toxicity and repellent effect against lipaphiserysimi was tested. oils of e. annuus and c. umbrosa...

background: according benefcial effects of  tribulus terrestris  (tt) extract on  tissue damage, the present study investigated the infuence of hydroalcoholic extract of tt plant on cisplatin (cis) (ebewe pharma, unterach, austria) induced renal tissue damage in male mice. methods: thirty mice were divided into five groups (n = 6). the first group (control) was treated with normal saline (0.9% ...

objectives: the onset of multiple sclerosis in the majority of the cases occurs as a clinically isolated syndrome (cis). we sought to assess serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25-ohd) in cis patients and healthy controls. methods: in this cross-sectional study 40 patients (36 women and 4 men) with cis manifesting as a single isolated optic neuritis and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls...

peribulbar anesthesia is widely applied in cataract surgeries. the aim of this study was comparing the effect of using atracourium, cis-atracourium, and placebo as adjuvant agents to the local anesthetic substance on peribulbar-induced akinesia in cataract surgeries. the study was double-blind randomized clinical trial, among the patients candidate for the cataract surgery who were hospitalized...